# Treatment trends and risks of corticosteroid use in adult primary immune thrombocytopenia: a claims database study in Japan

## TL;DR

This study analyzed treatment trends and risks of corticosteroid use in Japanese adults with immune thrombocytopenia using claims data from 2014 to 2022.

## Contribution

The study reveals a shift toward reduced corticosteroid use and increased use of thrombopoietin receptor agonists in ITP treatment in Japan.

## Key findings

- Corticosteroid withdrawal times shortened between 2020-2021 compared to 2015-2019.
- Thrombopoietin receptor agonist prescriptions exceeded corticosteroid prescriptions in 2021.
- About 12% of patients received high-dose corticosteroids at Week 12, and 23% continued use at Week 24.

## Abstract

Recent trends in the treatment of primary immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) were investigated using a claims database that included data from 16,161 Japanese patients with ITP collected from April 2014 to August 2022. Of the 4144 adult patients analyzed, 1276 received corticosteroids. The mean and median durations of corticosteroid use were 115.31 and 41 days, respectively. The time to withdrawal of corticosteroids was significantly shorter in 2020 to 2021 than in 2015 to 2019. Additionally, the number of prescriptions for thrombopoietin receptor agonists increased from 2015 to 2021 and exceeded that of corticosteroids in 2021. While these results suggest a trend towards reduction in corticosteroid use in real-world settings in Japan, 12.00% of patients received a corticosteroid dose of ≥ 10 mg/day at Week 12. Furthermore, 23.05% of patients continued to receive corticosteroids at Week 24, indicating that some patients were still receiving long-term corticosteroid treatment. The risk of adverse outcomes was significantly associated with corticosteroid use. In conclusion, new treatment options may lead to more sophisticated ITP management with less corticosteroid use, although further research and reconsideration of clinical practice guidelines is needed.

The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12185-024-03897-8.