# Fibromyalgia: functional, autoimmune or both? Treatment options for drug-resistant fibromyalgia

## TL;DR

This paper reviews the possible causes and treatment options for fibromyalgia, a complex and debilitating condition that is often resistant to standard treatments.

## Contribution

The paper provides an updated review of fibromyalgia's pathophysiology and treatment, focusing on drug-resistant cases.

## Key findings

- Psychological factors like stress and abuse history are linked to fibromyalgia.
- Immune-inflammatory system dysregulation may contribute to fibromyalgia.
- Treatments like neuromodulation and aerobic exercise may help reduce symptoms and improve quality of life.

## Abstract

fibromyalgia is a modern disease, with growing investigation concerning its etiology and treatment. It has become a very prevalent diagnosis and total remission of symptoms is the exception which is dramatic considering the socio-occupational impact of this highly debilitating disease.

to review the updates in the pathophysiology and treatment of fibromyalgia, especially when it is refractory to treatment. The authors also intend to better understand where fibromyalgia belongs, is it in psychiatry as a functional disorder or in rheumatology as an auto-immune disease?

bibliographical search in PubMed database, using the key-words “fibromyalgia” and “psychiatry”, limited to works published in the last 10 years.

from our search resulted 158 articles, from reading of abstracts 30 were chosen for further reading.

concerning the etiology of this disease, on the one hand psychological factors cannot be neglected since there are several studies finding a positive correlation between stressors like history of physical abuse and fibromyalgia in adulthood, on the other hand investigation and meta-analysis have found that the immune-inflammatory response system might be altered with dysregulation of pro and anti-inflammatory cytokines and cell-mediated immunity. Regarding treatment, symptom relief is often unsatisfactory with classical treatment and so adjunct treatment such as electrical neuromodulation and aerobic exercise might, respectively, be effective in reducing pain and depressive symptoms, thereby improving quality of life, and in improving fatigue and in a lesser degree sleep.

None Declared