# Energy and Key Micronutrient Intake in Amateur Swimmers: A Pilot Study

## TL;DR

This pilot study found that amateur swimmers, especially women, consume less energy and key nutrients than recommended for their activity level.

## Contribution

The study provides new insights into the dietary habits of amateur swimmers, highlighting energy and micronutrient deficiencies.

## Key findings

- Energy intake was significantly lower than recommended for swimmers.
- Female swimmers had inadequate calcium, iron, and zinc intake.
- No significant differences in macronutrient intake between genders or rest/workout days.

## Abstract

Swimming is a highly demanding sport that requires the integration of multiple physical, physiological, and psychological factors for optimal performance. Despite its popularity, most swimmers are amateur, and few studies have assessed energy and nutrient intake at this athlete level. Therefore, the aim of the present pilot study was to evaluate energy and nutrient intake and compare them with the recommended values. Methods: The participants were recruited from local teams. To determine body composition, weight, height, and skinfold measurements were taken. Food intake assessment was conducted through a 3-day food log. Results: The sample was composed of 15 individuals, where 7 were female. There were no significant differences in energy and macronutrient intake between male and female swimmers, nor between rest or workout days. Despite protein intake being within the recommendation, the estimated average intake for energy was significantly lower than the recommended values. Female swimmers also showed an inadequate intake of calcium, iron, and zinc. Conclusions: Swimmers showed an inadequate energy and carbohydrate intake for their activity level. Female athletes also reported a low intake of crucial micronutrients.