# Diet Quality and Nutritional Assessment of Menus Served in Spanish Defense Ministry Preschool Canteens

## TL;DR

This study evaluates the nutritional quality of preschool menus in Spanish Defense Ministry centers and finds areas needing improvement.

## Contribution

The study provides a detailed nutritional assessment of preschool menus under different management models in Spain.

## Key findings

- Menus under the contracted management model had lower frequencies of rice, salads, eggs, fish, and fruit.
- Energy values were correct but the energy profile in contracted menus exceeded recommended levels for protein and fat.
- Deficiencies in omega-3 fatty acids, vitamin D, iodine, and zinc were identified in the menus.

## Abstract

Background/Objectives: A healthy diet in early childhood has been shown to be one of the essential mainstays for the development of children. Few studies have been conducted on preschool canteens, despite the fact that they play a crucial role. Our study aimed to assess the dietary and nutritional quality of the menus served in Spanish Defense Ministry preschool education centers (1–3 years old) and to ascertain their compliance with dietary and nutritional recommendations. We also evaluated the influence of the canteen management model. Methods: Our cross-sectional observational study was carried out on the 448 menus offered in the 25 centers (operating under two management models: direct and contracted) of the Spanish Ministry of Defense during a school year all across the Spanish territory. Results: Under the contracted management model, the frequency of rice was low, as well as that of salads, eggs, fish, and fruit. The rotation within the fish group did not comply with recommendations, showing a shortage of oily fish. The menus’ energy values were correct, but the energy profile in the contracted management menus was higher than recommended in protein and fat while being lower in carbohydrates. The lipid profile was adequate. Values were high in cholesterol, simple sugars, fiber, vitamin K, selenium, potassium, and sodium; they were deficient in omega-3 fatty acids, vitamin D, iodine, and zinc. Conclusions: These results could help to establish special references or limits for the Spanish preschool population.