# Assessing a Multilayered Hydrophilic–Electrocatalytic Forward Osmosis Membrane for Ammonia Electro-Oxidation

## TL;DR

This paper introduces a new membrane that combines water filtration and ammonia oxidation to improve environmental cleanup.

## Contribution

A novel multilayered membrane with hydrophilic and electrocatalytic properties is developed for ammonia electro-oxidation.

## Key findings

- The CBES:PA:VXC:Pt membrane achieved a water flux of 3.9 ± 0.3 LMH.
- The membrane surface had a low water contact angle of 19.8 ± 0.4°, indicating high hydrophilicity.
- Ammonia electro-oxidation was successfully achieved at −0.3 V vs. Ag/AgCl.

## Abstract

Over the years, the ammonia concentration in water streams and the environment is increasing at an alarming rate. Many membrane-based processes have been studied to alleviate this concern via adsorption and filtration. On the other hand, ammonia electro-oxidation is an approach of particular interest owing to its energetic and environmental benefits. Thus, a plausible alternative to combine these two paths is by using an electroconductive membrane (ECM) to complete the ammonia oxidation reaction (AOR). This combination of processes has been studied very limitedly, and it can be an area for development. Herein, we developed a multilayered membrane with hydrophilic and electrocatalytic properties capable of completing the AOR. The porosity of carbon black (CB) particles was embedded in the polymeric support (CBES) and the active side was composed of a triple layer consisting of polyamide/CB/Pt nanoparticles (PA:CB:Pt). The CBES increased the membrane porosity, changed the pores morphology, and enhanced water permeability and electroconductivity. The deposition of each layer was monitored and corroborated physically, chemically, and electrochemically. The final membrane CBES:PA:VXC:Pt reached higher water flux than its PSF counterpart (3.9 ± 0.3 LMH), had a hydrophilic surface (water contact angle: 19.8 ± 0.4°), and achieved the AOR at −0.3 V vs. Ag/AgCl. Our results suggest that ECMs with conductive material in both membrane layers enhanced their electrical properties. Moreover, this study is proof-of-concept that the AOR can be succeeded by a polymeric FO-ECMs.