MOTS-c Levels and Sarcopenia Risk in Chronic Peritoneal Dialysis Patients: A Pilot Study

TL;DR

This pilot study explores the link between MOTS-c levels and sarcopenia risk in patients on chronic peritoneal dialysis.

Contribution

The study identifies MOTS-c as a potential biomarker for sarcopenia risk in peritoneal dialysis patients.

Findings

Patients with high sarcopenia risk had lower serum and higher dialysate MOTS-c levels.

sMOTS-c levels correlated with better muscle performance, while dMOTS-c levels showed the opposite.

MOTS-c, combined with physical assessments, shows diagnostic potential for identifying sarcopenia risk.

Abstract

Background and Objectives: Sarcopenia is exceedingly frequent in end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) patients on dialysis, including those undergoing peritoneal dialysis (PD), and is of multifactorial origin. MOTS-c is a mitochondrial-derived peptide that promotes muscle growth whose levels are unbalanced in ESKD. In this study, we evaluated MOTS-c balance and its relationship with sarcopenia risk in an ESKD-PD cohort. Materials and Methods: MOTS-c was measured in serum, urine, and dialysate samples of 32 chronic PD patients. Patients were thus screened for sarcopenia risk by the SARC-F tool, anthropometric measurements, and physical performance tests. Results: PD patients with a very high sarcopenia risk (SARC-F ≥ 2) had significantly lower serum (sMOTS-c) and higher dialysate (dMOTS-c) levels, suggesting an increased peritoneal clearance of this substance (d/s MOTS-c). sMOTS-c levels were directly correlated with muscle performance in physical tests, while an opposite relationship was found with dMOTS-c and d/sMOTS-c. ROC analyses demonstrated the diagnostic potential of MOTS-c, particularly in combination with physical and anthropometric assessments, to identify PD patients at very high risk of sarcopenia. Conclusions: Chronic PD may negatively affect MOTS-c balance, which, in turn, may contribute to enhanced sarcopenia risk. Larger studies are needed to confirm these observations and to validate the potential utility of this substance as a biomarker for improving sarcopenia risk stratification in PD patients.

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