# The Role of Trans-Oesophageal Echocardiography in the Interventional Cardiology of Adult Congenital Heart Diseases

## TL;DR

This paper reviews how trans-oesophageal echocardiography helps guide heart procedures in adults with congenital heart diseases.

## Contribution

The paper highlights the evolving role and recent advancements of TOE in guiding interventional treatments for adult congenital heart diseases.

## Key findings

- TOE is crucial for guiding common procedures like atrial septal defect closure.
- TOE is also used in less frequent interventions such as Mustard/Senning baffle leak closure.
- Technological improvements have enhanced the precision of TOE-guided procedures.

## Abstract

Advances in interventional cardiology have significantly broadened the range of congenital heart diseases (CHDs) amenable to trans-catheter interventions. Trans-oesophageal echocardiography (TOE) plays a pivotal role as a procedural guide in several percutaneous treatments. Enhanced imaging modalities and technological innovations in echocardiography have refined the precision and applicability of these approaches. This review explores the role, impact, and advancements of TOE in trans-catheter treatments for adult CHDs, including both common procedures (e.g., atrial septal defect closure, ventricular septal defect closure) and less frequent interventions (e.g., Mustard/Senning baffle leak closure, Fontan conduit fenestration, ruptured sinus of Valsalva embolization).