# Using Human-Centered Design in Community-Based Public Health Research: Insights from the ECHO Study on COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy in Montreal, Canada

## TL;DR

This study explores how human-centered design can help address vaccine hesitancy among children and youth in Montreal by working closely with community members.

## Contribution

The paper introduces a novel application of human-centered design in community-based public health research to address vaccine hesitancy.

## Key findings

- CBD teams identified misinformation, lack of trust, social inequities, and pandemic restrictions as factors in vaccine hesitancy.
- Participants valued HCD's emphasis on empathy, co-creation, and collaboration.
- There was tension between HCD and public health disciplinary approaches.

## Abstract

(1) Background: This study used human-centered design (HCD) within a community-based research project to collaboratively develop local strategies aimed at enhancing COVID-19 vaccine confidence among children and youth. (2) Methods: HCD projects were carried out between December 2021 and August 2022 by four community-based design (CBD) teams in Montreal, Canada. The CBD teams were composed of parent and youth community members, public health and social science researchers, and HCD specialists. Process evaluation data, collected from the CBD team members through focus group discussions and written questionnaires, were used to reflect on the use of HCD in this project. (3) Results: The CBD teams designed and implemented projects addressing factors they identified as contributing to COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy for children and youth in their communities, including misinformation, lack of trust, social inequities, and resistance to pandemic-related restrictions. The CBD team members appreciated many aspects of the HCD approach, especially the values it stands for, such as empathy, co-creation, and collaboration. HCD and public health specialists described some tension between the different disciplinary approaches. (4) Conclusions: HCD holds promise for addressing complex public health issues, though further exploration of strategies for integrating HCD within established models of community-based public health research is needed.