# Turkish Adaptation and Validation of Patient Participation Questionnaire (PPQ)

## TL;DR

This study adapts and validates a questionnaire to measure patient participation in Turkish healthcare settings, finding it reliable and valid.

## Contribution

The study provides a culturally adapted and validated Turkish version of the Patient Participation Questionnaire.

## Key findings

- The Turkish version of the questionnaire has 14 items and four dimensions with good fit indices.
- The adapted scale showed strong reliability (α = 0.86) and significant correlation with patient satisfaction.
- Confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the validity of the Turkish version of the questionnaire.

## Abstract

Background/Objectives: The concept of patient participation is increasingly recognized as an important component in many areas, such as redesigning healthcare processes, improving patient safety, increasing satisfaction, and managing chronic diseases. In this context, measuring the level of patient participation in healthcare services is an important factor. The “Patient Participation Questionnaire” is a tool used to assess patients’ evaluations of their participation in their in-hospital care. The absence of a scale in the Turkish literature that measures this concept reveals the importance of this research. Methods: In this study conducted in a tertiary public hospital in Turkey, the final scale translated into Turkish was applied to 355 people using the convenience sampling method. In addition to the “Patient Participation Scale”, the “Patient Satisfaction Scale” was used for context validity in the study. Data were analyzed with SPSS 27 and AMOS programs. Results: As a result of the confirmatory factor analysis, the scale, which originally consisted of 16 questions and four dimensions, was adapted to Turkish as 14 questions and four dimensions. As a result of confirmatory factor analysis, the goodness of fit values of the scale were found to be x2/sd = 2.53, GFI = 0.93, AGFI = 0.90, CFI = 0.93, RMSEA = 0.066, RMR = 0.041, and NFI = 0.90. These values are within the acceptable and good fit level ranges. As a result of the correlation analysis performed for context validity, it was determined that there was a positive significant relationship between the adapted patient participation scale and the patient satisfaction scale (r = 0.692, p < 0.001). In addition, the internal consistency coefficient of the scale was examined to determine the reliability of the scale, and it was revealed that the scale was reliable at a good level (α = 0.86). Conclusions: Based on the findings, it was revealed that the “Patient Participation Scale” developed in English is a valid and reliable measurement tool in Turkish culture.