# Morphology of Maxillary Central Incisors in a Mixed Swiss–German Population by Means of Micro-CT

## TL;DR

This study uses micro-CT to examine the root canal structure of maxillary central incisors in a Swiss-German population, revealing common and rare anatomical variations.

## Contribution

The study provides detailed insights into the root canal morphology of maxillary central incisors in a specific European population using µCT.

## Key findings

- The most common root canal configuration was Br 1-1-1/1 (97.3%).
- Accessory canals were found in over 40% of the teeth, mainly in the middle and apical regions.

## Abstract

Background/Objectives: The objective of this study was to investigate the internal morphology and root canal configurations (RCCs) of maxillary central incisors (MxCIs) in a Swiss–German population by means of micro-computed tomography (µCT). Methods: RCCs, main foramina, and accessory canals of MxCIs were examined using µCT and 3D imaging software. The root canal anatomy was classified according to three classification systems by Vertucci (Ve, 1984), Weine et al. (We, 1969), and Briseño-Marroquín et al. (Br, 2015). Results: The most common RCC observed among a total of 112 investigated single-rooted maxillary central incisors was Br 1-1-1/1 (97.3%, Ve I, We I), with a small percentage showing Br 1-1-1/2 (2.7%). One main foramen existed in 87.5% of the specimens, 8% had one accessory foramen, 3.5% had two, and a rare case had four accessory foramina (0.9%). Accessory root canals were mainly located in the middle and apical regions of the roots. Conclusions: Detailed insights into the root canal morphology of MxCIs in a Swiss–German population are provided. The predominant RCC was a simple root canal (Ve I, Br 1-1-1/1). However, accessory canals were detected in the middle and apical third in over 40% of the teeth examined. These anatomical features should be considered during endodontic treatment planning and execution.