# An Embroidered Electrochemical Sensor to Measure Glucose Made with Commercially Available Textile Materials

## TL;DR

Researchers created a textile sensor using common materials to measure glucose levels, showing it works effectively across different concentration ranges.

## Contribution

The novelty lies in using commercially available textile materials to create a fully integrated, functional electrochemical glucose sensor.

## Key findings

- The sensor demonstrated a linear relationship between glucose concentration and current in specific voltage ranges.
- Sensitivity varied between 0.0145 and 0.0452 μA/(mg/dL) for lower glucose concentrations.
- Regression coefficients for the sensor's performance ranged from 0.9266 to 0.9954, indicating strong correlation.

## Abstract

A textile electrochemical sensor manufactured with commercially available textile materials is presented to determine glucose concentration. The sensor design consists of three electrodes manufactured with two different conductive yarns, one made with a silver coating and the other with stainless steel fibres. Different combinations of them are used to prepare three different electrochemical textile sensor combinations. The first sensor is built only with silver-coated yarn and used as a reference sensor. The other two sensors are prepared with different combinations of conductive yarns. The textile sensors perform a cyclic voltammetric test, where it is demonstrated that the glucose concentration over the sensor can be related with the increase in the current measured. The results allow us to identify feeding voltages where the concentration–current relation is close to linear. The textile sensor shows a sensitivity between 0.0145 and 0.0452 μA/(mg/dL) for the 45–180 mg/dL glucose concentration range and 0.0012 and 0.0035 μA/(mg/dL) for the 180–1800 mg/dL range for the different sensor types presented. The regression coefficients for the sensitivities range between 0.9266 and 0.9954. This research demonstrates the feasibility to develop a fully integrated textile electrochemical sensor made completely with commercially available textile materials.