Pioneering Advances in Veterinary Medicine: From Diagnosis to Treatment
Felisbina Luisa Queiroga

Abstract
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TopicsCoccidia and coccidiosis research · Helminth infection and control · Vector-borne infectious diseases
Continuous advancements in veterinary medicine have significantly improved the health and longevity of companion animals while also contributing to wildlife conservation efforts. Over the last few decades, innovations in diagnostic techniques and treatment approaches have revolutionized veterinary practice. These developments not only enhance disease management in animals but also provide valuable insights into zoonotic diseases, reinforcing the One Health perspective. This Special Issue presents a collection of studies that explore various aspects of the diagnosis and treatment of animal diseases, offering new scientific evidence in both companion and wild animal medicine. The included articles highlight the refinement of diagnostic techniques, the identification of novel biomarkers, and the development of innovative therapeutic approaches.
The first study by Magliocca et al. [1] explores the molecular detection of viral and bacterial pathogens in red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) from Italy, highlighting the role of wildlife in disease transmission. The authors identified several viral and bacterial agents, including Protoparvovirus carnivoran 1 (PPVC-1), Canine adenovirus (CAdV-1 and CAdV-2), Canine circovirus (Canine CV), and Leptospira spp. The findings suggest a potential risk of cross-species transmission and highlight the need for continued surveillance in wildlife populations. Similarly, a study on non-invasive wildlife disease surveillance using real-time PCR in the endangered Iberian desman demonstrates how molecular tools enhance disease monitoring while supporting conservation [2]. Focusing on the endangered Iberian desman (Galemys pyrenaicus), Ripa et al. [2] utilized non-invasive sampling and real-time PCR assays to detect parasitic and bacterial infections. The study provided baseline data for conservation efforts, demonstrating the effectiveness of molecular techniques in wildlife disease monitoring.
Advancements in diagnostic techniques in companion animals are also emphasized. A study on hemogram-derived inflammatory markers in cats with chronic kidney disease by Krofič Žel et al. [3] explored the potential of hemogram-derived inflammatory markers, such as the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), as indicators of systemic inflammation in feline chronic kidney disease (CKD). The results showed a correlation between these markers and disease severity, suggesting their potential as non-invasive tools for monitoring disease progression. The study by Medardo et al. [4] evaluated the diagnostic performance of cytology versus bacterial culture in identifying septic exudative effusions in veterinary patients. While bacterial culture remains the gold standard, cytology was found to provide rapid preliminary results that could guide early clinical decision-making. The study by Licenziato et al. [5] focused on alternative therapeutic targets for canine B-cell lymphoma, specifically investigating the use of the drugs BI2536 and MZ1 to indirectly modulate Myc expression. The results demonstrated promising anti-cancer effects in vitro, paving the way for further studies on targeted therapies. Lastly, a review on next-generation sequencing (NGS) techniques in veterinary medicine by Domrazek & Jurka [6], discussed the growing role of NGS in veterinary diagnosis, covering applications such as pathogen identification, cancer genomics, and genetic predisposition studies, illustrating how genomic tools are shaping personalized treatments.
Innovative treatment approaches are also explored, including a study evaluating medical-grade honey and Hypericum perforatum for second-intention wound healing in cats. Chatzimisios et al. [7] demonstrated that although both treatments improved tissue perfusion, the honey-treated wounds exhibited superior histological parameters, suggesting potential clinical applications for wound management. Similarly, a review on mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) by Picazo et al. [8], provided an overview of MSCs’ applications for treating wounds, ocular diseases and neuromuscular disorders in companion animals. This study discussed the therapeutic mechanisms of MSCs and outlined challenges in standardizing protocols for their clinical use. Additionally, a study by Mitsui & Uchida [9] on gallbladder erosion/ulcers and hemocholecyst in dogs provided new clinical and pathological insights into a poorly documented condition. The results suggest a link between gallbladder erosion and COX-1/COX-2 expression, contributing to our understanding of biliary disorders in animals.
Finally, imaging advancements are discussed in a review by Ercolin et al. [10] on novel ultrasonographic techniques for detecting neoplasms in dogs and cats, emphasizing the role of contrast-enhanced ultrasonography and elastography as non-invasive alternatives for oncology diagnostics. These techniques were found to improve the differentiation between benign and malignant tumors, offering non-invasive alternatives for cancer detection.
In conclusion, this Special Issue provides high-quality scientific contributions that enhance our understanding of disease epidemiology, diagnostic methodologies, and innovative treatments in veterinary medicine. We hope that these studies will inspire further research and clinical applications, ultimately improving the health and welfare of both companion and wild animals while strengthening the interconnectedness of human, animal, and environmental health.
The reference list from the paper itself. Each links out to its DOI / PubMed record.
- 1Magliocca M. Taddei R. Urbani L. Bertasio C. Facile V. Gallina L. Sampieri M. Rugna G. Rubini S. Maioli G. Molecular Detection of Viral and Bacterial Pathogens in Red Foxes (Vulpes vulpes) from Italy Animals 202414196910.3390/ani 1413196938998080 PMC 11240561 · doi ↗ · pubmed ↗
- 2Ripa A. Díaz-Caballero J.A. Palacios-González M.J. Zalba J. Espinosa A. García-Zapata J.L. Gómez-Martín A. Tkach V. Fernández-Garcia J.L. Non-Invasive Wildlife Disease Surveillance Using Real Time PCR Assays: The Case of the Endangered Galemys pyrenaicus Populations from the Central System Mountains (Extremadura, Spain)Animals 202313113610.3390/ani 1307113637048392 PMC 10093302 · doi ↗ · pubmed ↗
- 3Krofič Žel M. Nemec Svete A. Tozon N. Pavlin D. Hemogram-Derived Inflammatory Markers in Cats with Chronic Kidney Disease Animals 202414181310.3390/ani 1412181338929432 PMC 11200498 · doi ↗ · pubmed ↗
- 4Medardo M. Capozza P. Bertazzolo W. Paltrinieri S. Martino P.A. Martella V. Decaro N. Diagnosis of Septic Body Cavity Effusion in Dogs and Cats: Cytology vs. Bacterial Culture Animals 202414176210.3390/ani 1412176238929381 PMC 11200416 · doi ↗ · pubmed ↗
- 5Licenziato L. Mazzone E. Tarantelli C. Accornero P. Rinaldi A. Divari S. Leung W. Webb S. De Maria R. Aresu L. Thinking Outside the Box: Indirect Myc Modulation in Canine B-Cell Lymphoma Animals 202414146610.3390/ani 1410146638791684 PMC 11117341 · doi ↗ · pubmed ↗
- 6Domrazek K. Jurka P. Application of Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) Techniques for Selected Companion Animals Animals 202414157810.3390/ani 1411157838891625 PMC 11171117 · doi ↗ · pubmed ↗
- 7Chatzimisios K. Tsioli V. Brellou G.D. Apostolopoulou E.P. Angelou V. Pratsinakis E.D. Cremers N.A.J. Papazoglou L.G. Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Medical-Grade Honey and Hypericum Perforatum Ointment on Second-Intention Healing of Full-Thickness Skin Wounds in Cats Animals 2023143610.3390/ani 1401003638200767 PMC 10778018 · doi ↗ · pubmed ↗
- 8Picazo R.A. Rojo C. Rodriguez-Quiros J. González-Gil A. Current Advances in Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapies Applied to Wounds and Skin, Eye, and Neuromuscular Diseases in Companion Animals Animals 202414136310.3390/ani 1409136338731367 PMC 11083242 · doi ↗ · pubmed ↗
