# An Innovative Coded Language for Transferring Data via a Haptic Thermal Interface

## TL;DR

This paper introduces a new way to communicate using heat sensations, similar to Morse code, which could help people in situations where traditional communication is difficult.

## Contribution

The novelty lies in creating a reliable thermal-coded language using short thermal pulses for effective communication.

## Key findings

- Participants identified 22 thermal cues with 95% accuracy.
- 16 participants achieved 98.3% accuracy in cue recognition.
- The method shows potential for immediate application in new communication technologies.

## Abstract

The objective of this research was to develop a coded language, similarly to Morse or Braille, via a haptic thermal interface. The method is based on the human thermal sense to receive and decode the messages, and is to be used as an alternative or complementary channel for various scenarios in which conventional channels are not applicable or not sufficient (e.g., communication with the handicapped or in noisy/silent environments). For the method to be effective, it must include a large variety of short recognizable cues. Hence, we designed twenty-two temporally short (<3 s) cues, each composed of a sequence of thermal pulses, meaning a combination of warm and/or cool pulses with several levels of intensity. The thermal cues were generated using specially designed equipment in a laboratory environment and displayed in random order to eleven independent participants. The participants identified all 22 cues with 95% accuracy, and 16 of them with 98.3% accuracy. These results reflect extraordinary reliability, indicating that this method can be used to create an effective innovative capability. It has many potential implications and is applicable immediately in the development of a new communication capability, either as a single-modality thermal interface, or combined with tactile sensing to form a full haptic multisensory interface. This report presents the testing and evaluating process of the proposed set of thermal cues and lays out directions for possible implementation and further investigations.