Viral and immune profiles during the first wave of SARS-CoV-2 infection in hospitalized patients in Sardinia, Italy
Giulietta Venturi, Alessandra Gallinaro, Claudia Fortuna, Maria Franca Pirillo, Arianna Scoglio, Beatrice Di Carlo, Giulia Marsili, Zuleika Michelini, Antonello Amendola, Alberto Carocci, Stefania Dispinseri, Martina Borghi, Andrea Canitano, Chiara Falce, Alice Zappitelli
TL;DR
The study analyzed immune responses in hospitalized SARS-CoV-2 patients in Sardinia, focusing on antibody levels and viral load during the first wave of the pandemic.
Contribution
The study provides insights into mucosal and serum antibody responses and cross-neutralization against early SARS-CoV-2 variants and Omicron subvariants.
Findings
Anti-Spike IgG and IgA antibodies persisted in mucosal samples with neutralization activity.
Neutralizing activity was significantly reduced against BA.1 Omicron compared to BA.2 and BA.5.
Findings were consistent in a geographically distant cohort in Milan.
Abstract
We performed a retrospective immunological analysis of the antibody response in serum and in nasopharyngeal swabs (NPS) obtained from 46 individuals infected with ancestral SARS-CoV-2 Wuhan-Hu-1 strain during the first COVID-19 wave in Cagliari (Sardinia, Italy), with a 4-month follow-up after the hospital admission. We implemented a comprehensive antibody response in serum and in mucosal samples using assays established in our laboratories. In NPS we evaluated the viral load by real time PCR, presence and kinetics of anti-Spike IgG and IgA by ELISA as well as their anti-Wuhan neutralization activity, showing induction and persistence of anti-viral immunity at the mucosal level. Neutralizing antibodies were measured in serum and NPS using a safe pseudovirus-based assay validated after comparison with a standard neutralization test using live SARS-CoV-2. We evaluated cross-neutralizing…
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Taxonomy
TopicsSARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research · COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies · SARS-CoV-2 detection and testing