# Initial Diagnostic Strategies for Helicobacter Pylori in Patients With Bleeding Peptic Ulcers Undergoing Endoscopy: A Cost-Effectiveness Analysis

## TL;DR

This study finds that the urea breath test is the most cost-effective way to test for Helicobacter pylori in patients with bleeding ulcers, reducing hospitalizations and costs.

## Contribution

The study introduces a cost-effectiveness analysis comparing noninvasive and invasive H. pylori testing strategies in bleeding peptic ulcer patients.

## Key findings

- UBT gained 0.02 quality-adjusted life years and saved $2140 per patient compared to no testing.
- UBT avoided 1675 hospitalizations per 10,000 patients annually.
- UBT had a number needed to treat of 167 to avoid an additional hospitalization over 35 years.

## Abstract

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a major cause of peptic ulcer disease (PUD) and upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Testing for and eradication of H. pylori reduces the risk of future PUD-related complications including readmission for gastrointestinal bleeding. Our aim was to determine the most cost-effective testing strategy for H. pylori in patients hospitalized with bleeding peptic ulcers.

We developed a Markov cohort model to compare the following 6 H. pylori testing strategies: no testing, histology, rapid urease test, stool antigen test, urea breath test (UBT), and serology. Histology and rapid urease test require biopsies, while stool antigen test, UBT, and serology do not. We assumed a 17% H. pylori prevalence in patients admitted with bleeding ulcers. Model outcomes included hospitalizations for rebleeds, number needed to treat to avoid another hospitalization, life expectancy, total cost, quality-adjusted life years, and incremental cost-effectiveness ratios.

Compared to no testing, UBT resulted in a gain of 0.02 quality-adjusted life years, total cost savings of $2140 per patient, and 1675 hospitalizations avoided per 10,000 patients per year. Additionally, the number needed to treat to avoid an additional hospitalization over 35 years was 167. UBT was the preferred strategy as it was both less costly and more effective than no testing.

Our findings suggest that UBT is the cost-effective strategy to identify H. pylori in patients admitted with PUD. Noninvasive H. pylori testing at the point of care or during inpatient admission should be considered, as it presents limited risk to patients and offers potential clinical benefits.