This paper is marked retracted in the scholarly record (OpenAlex). Interpret its findings with caution.
Retraction: Inhibition of tumor vasculogenic mimicry and prolongation of host survival in highly aggressive gallbladder cancers by Norcantharidin via blocking the ephrin type a receptor 2/focal adhesion kinase/paxillin signaling pathway

Abstract
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TopicsBeetle Biology and Toxicology Studies · Natural Compounds in Disease Treatment · Phytochemical compounds biological activities
After this article [1] was published, concerns were raised regarding results presented in Figs 2, 3, 6, and 7.
Specifically
The authors did not respond to editorial requests for a response and underlying data. In light of the above unresolved concerns that question the integrity and reliability of the reported results and conclusions, the PLOS One Editors retract this article.
All authors either did not respond directly or could not be reached.
The reference list from the paper itself. Each links out to its DOI / PubMed record.
- 1Wang H, Sun W, Zhang WZ, Ge CY, Zhang JT, Liu ZY, et al. Inhibition of tumor vasculogenic mimicry and prolongation of host survival in highly aggressive gallbladder cancers by norcantharidin via blocking the ephrin type a receptor 2/focal adhesion kinase/paxillin signaling pathway. P Lo S One. 2014;9(5):e 96982. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0096982 24811250 PMC 4014585 · doi ↗ · pubmed ↗
- 2Zhang JT, Sun W, Zhang WZ, Ge CY, Liu ZY, Zhao ZM, et al. Norcantharidin inhibits tumor growth and vasculogenic mimicry of human gallbladder carcinomas by suppression of the PI 3-K/MM Ps/Ln-5γ2 signaling pathway. BMC Cancer. 2014;14:193. doi: 10.1186/1471-2407-14-193 PMC 398559924628713 · doi ↗ · pubmed ↗
- 3Pan MS, Wang H, Ansari KH, Li XP, Sun W, Fan YZ. Gallbladder cancer-associated fibroblasts promote vasculogenic mimicry formation and tumor growth in gallbladder cancer via upregulating the expression of NOX 4, a poor prognosis factor, through IL-6-JAK-STAT 3 signal pathway. J Exp Clin Cancer Res. 2020;39(1):234. doi: 10.1186/s 13046-020-01742-4 33153467 PMC 7643415 · doi ↗ · pubmed ↗
