# Exploring the value Australian community leaders see in a system dynamics model calibrated with local data: social norms and childhood obesity

## TL;DR

Australian community leaders found value in a system dynamics model that uses local data to explore childhood obesity interventions.

## Contribution

A calibrated system dynamics model was used to explore community leaders' perspectives on childhood obesity interventions.

## Key findings

- Community leaders viewed the SDM as a valuable tool for comparing individual vs systems-level interventions.
- The model's intuitive presentation and local data use were seen as key strengths.
- The SDM helped improve understanding and communication of community-based system approaches.

## Abstract

Systems approaches (SAs) seek to understand the dynamics behind system behaviour and formulate effective actions given these dynamics. In public health, SAs often rely on qualitative systems maps visualising factors and their interconnections, frequently developed through group model building. Quantitative system dynamics models (SDMs) can offer additional insights: SDMs can simulate how system behaviour would change if we were to make an adjustment to the system, in what-if scenarios. We explored what (added) value Australian community leaders involved in SAs see in an SDM for understanding a system and its behaviour.

The Whole of Systems Trial of Prevention Strategies for Childhood Obesity (WHOSTOPS), a community-level collaboration between researchers and community leaders in South-Western Victoria, Australia.

We calibrated an existing small and high-level SDM with local data from the WHOSTOPS communities, so that the simulations pertained to their local context. The SDM was developed to simulate potential interventions addressing either social norms regarding body weight or individual weight-related behaviour. We presented the SDM to the community leaders via an interactive interface in an online workshop.

We calibrated the SDM using WHOSTOPS’ baseline measurement (2015), with an 80% participation rate among eligible children (1792/2516). 11 community leaders participated in the workshop.

The community leaders’ first impression of the SDM was that it could be a valuable additional tool, particularly because of its ability to compare what-if scenarios resembling individual vs systems perspectives, intuitive presentation of simulation results, and use of local data.

Our preliminary exploration showed that the small and high-level SDM, using what-if scenarios reflecting interventions on different system levels, could contribute to the understanding and communication of (community-based) SAs.