# Markedly elevated blood pressure, tachycardia, and altered consciousness in patients with bacteremia during transurethral surgeries: two case reports

## TL;DR

Two patients showed high blood pressure and confusion during transurethral surgery, and tests revealed bacteremia, highlighting the need for early detection to prevent sepsis.

## Contribution

Reports two cases where intraoperative blood tests identified bacteremia during transurethral surgeries, showing early signs like hypertension and altered consciousness.

## Key findings

- Intraoperative hypertension and tachycardia were observed in both patients during transurethral surgeries.
- Bacteremia was confirmed via intraoperative blood tests, revealing gram-negative bacillus in both cases.
- Early antibiotic treatment led to hemodynamic recovery in both patients.

## Abstract

Transurethral surgery is often accompanied by postoperative urinary tract infection. Although early detection and adequate treatment of bacteremia are required to prevent sepsis, it is usually undetectable during surgery. We report two cases with remarkable hypertension and tachycardia during transurethral surgery in which bacteremia was diagnosed by an intraoperative blood test.

An 80-year-old man (Case 1) underwent transurethral holmium laser prostate enucleation under spinal anesthesia, and an 88-year-old woman (Case 2) underwent transurethral resection of bladder tumor under general anesthesia. Altered consciousness (Case 1) and postoperative delirium (Case 2) were noted, in addition to remarkable intraoperative hypertension and tachycardia. We administered broad-spectrum antibiotics for possible bacteremia in both cases. The patients’ hemodynamics positively recovered the following day. Intraoperative blood samples revealed gram-negative bacillus.

Hypertension, tachycardia, and altered consciousness may suggest the onset of symptomatic bacteremia during transurethral surgery, and adequate treatment is required to prevent sepsis.