# Characteristics of paediatric burn injuries seen in the tertiary emergency centre, South Africa

## TL;DR

This study examines the characteristics of burn injuries in children in South Africa, finding that scalds are most common and pre-hospital care is often lacking.

## Contribution

The study provides updated data on pediatric burn injury patterns in a South African tertiary hospital setting.

## Key findings

- Scald burns were the most common type of injury, affecting 89.1% of patients.
- Most patients had burns covering less than 10% of their body surface area.
- Only 40.6% of patients were admitted, with hospital stay duration significantly linked to burn severity.

## Abstract

Burn injuries cause significant morbidity and mortality, with prevalence in developing countries such as South Africa. This study aimed to determine the characteristics and referral patterns of burn injuries.

A retrospective observational study was conducted in a single emergency centre, Kalafong Provincial Tertiary Hospital, from 01 January 2021 to 31 December 2021. The study included patients < 13 years with burn injuries.

A total of 266 patients were identified. Males (n = 144, 54.1%) had a higher prevalence of incurring burn injuries. The majority of injuries were secondary to scald burns (n = 237, 89.1%). A total of 208 (78.2%) patients had a percentage of total body surface area (%TBSA) of < 10%, and 257 (96.6%) had superficial partial-thickness burns. Only 77 (28.9%) cases were from referral centres and there was no relationship between referral pattern and %TBSA. Majority (n = 248, 93.2%) received no pre-hospital wound care. Only 108 (40.6%) patients were admitted and the median length of hospital stay (interquartile range [IQR]) was 7 days (2 to 9). There was a significant relationship between the length of hospital stay and %TBSA burns (p < 0.001).

The pattern of burn injuries in patients is similar to previous studies carried out predominantly in townships in South Africa. Most referrals were found to be appropriate and complied with institutional burn injury admission protocol, although pre-hospital wound care was inadequate.

Primary burn injury care is vital to reduce morbidity and mortality, and development of programmes for public awareness of burn injuries remains crucial.