# Recurrent “transient ischemic attacks” caused by pulmonary arteriovenous malformation

## TL;DR

A rare lung condition called pulmonary arteriovenous malformation can cause recurring mini-strokes and should be considered in young patients without typical risk factors.

## Contribution

This case report highlights PAVMs as a rare but important cause of transient ischemic attacks in young patients.

## Key findings

- A 39-year-old woman with no traditional risk factors had TIAs caused by a PAVM.
- Embolization of the PAVM successfully prevented further TIAs.
- PAVMs should be considered in the differential diagnosis for recurrent TIAs in young patients.

## Abstract

Pulmonary arteriovenous malformations (PAVMs) are abnormal, direct connections between a pulmonary artery and pulmonary vein that can lead to severe neurologic complications including ischemic stroke. This case report describes a 39-year-old woman who presented with recurrent transient ischemic attacks (TIAs). Extensive clinical evaluation revealed PAVM as the underlying cause. Following successful embolization of the PAVM, the patient did not experience further TIAs. This case highlights the importance of considering PAVMs in the differential diagnosis of recurrent TIAs, particularly in patients without traditional risk factors for cerebrovascular events.

•A PAVM is an abnormal, direct connection between a pulmonary artery and pulmonary vein.•PAVMs are a rare cause for transient ischemic attacks but should not be overlooked, especially in younger patients without traditional cerebrovascular risk factors.•Embolization of PAVM carries minimal risks and is an effective way to reduce risk of cerebrovascular events.

A PAVM is an abnormal, direct connection between a pulmonary artery and pulmonary vein.

PAVMs are a rare cause for transient ischemic attacks but should not be overlooked, especially in younger patients without traditional cerebrovascular risk factors.

Embolization of PAVM carries minimal risks and is an effective way to reduce risk of cerebrovascular events.