# Evaluation of Risk Factors Related to Ovarian Involvement in Endometrial Cancer Patients: A Retrospective Study

## TL;DR

This study identifies risk factors for ovarian involvement in endometrial cancer patients, which can help improve treatment strategies.

## Contribution

The study identifies specific risk factors for ovarian metastasis in endometrial cancer patients using a 15-year retrospective analysis.

## Key findings

- Omentum involvement, positive peritoneal cytology, and serous carcinoma are significant predictors of ovarian involvement.
- Myometrial infiltration, lymphovascular space invasion, and cervical infiltration are associated with ovarian involvement.
- Multivariate analysis confirms the statistical significance of peritoneal cytology and omentum involvement in predicting ovarian metastasis.

## Abstract

Background: Endometrial cancer (EC) is a cancer that occurs in women. This study
aimed to determine the risk factors of Ovarian involvement (OI) in patients with
EC and define the risk of developing an associated malignancy during follow-up
after EC treatment. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study (n=280) was
conducted to determine the risk factors of OI following EC in female patients
with a definitive diagnosis of uterine cancer admitted to Imam Khomeini Hospital
in Tehran over the preceding 15 years, between 2010 and 2024. We evaluated the
roles of risk factors for OI, such as age, histological subtype, tumor grade,
myometrial infiltration, tumor diameter, cervical infiltration, lympho vascular
space invasion (LVSI), and positive peritoneal cytology for malignancy (P.P.C).
Results: The results showed that there was a relationship between the risk
factors of myometer, LVSI, cervix, serous, tube, intra-abdominal, complaint,
lymph node and omentum between the two groups with and without OI (P0.05). Based
on Univariate and Multiple Analysis, the results showed that Omentum
Involvement, P.P.C and Serous Carcinoma were related to OI. Also, based on
multivariate logistic regression The results confirmed that the following
predictors were correlated with OI: P.P.C (OR=8.54, 95% CI=1.52_47.88,
P-value=0.015), omentum involvement (OR=10.82, 95% CI=2.21_52.82, P-value=0.03),
and serous carcinoma (OR=4.41, 95% CI=1.44_13.53, P-value 0.009). Conclusion:
Myometer, LVSI, cervix, serous, tube, intra-abdominal, complaint, lymph node and
omentum factors were related to OI. Evaluation of risk factors plays an
important role in the management of EC patients who are exposed to ovarian
metastasis, therefore, the diagnosis of risk factors can be helpful in treatment
strategies.