# Nanosecond Laser Processing of Titanium in Organic Liquids as a Method for Obtaining Titanium Carbide Coatings

## TL;DR

This paper explores using nanosecond lasers in organic liquids to create titanium carbide coatings on titanium, which can enhance material hardness.

## Contribution

A novel method for producing titanium carbide coatings via laser processing in organic liquids is introduced.

## Key findings

- Crack formation was observed on laser-treated titanium surfaces in both liquid paraffin and diesel oil.
- Titanium carbide (TiC) phase was formed, with properties tunable by laser parameters.
- Some coatings showed three times higher hardness than native titanium.

## Abstract

This work presents results on nanosecond laser ablation of a titanium (Ti) plate immersed in a liquid medium using the fundamental wavelength (1064 nm) of a nanosecond Nd:YAG laser system. The laser radiation was focused on the target surface as scanning was accomplished by an XY translation stage. The laser processing of the Ti targets took place in two organic liquids—liquid paraffin and diesel oil. The morphology of the structured surfaces and the structure and phase composition of the samples were studied; their dependences on the processing parameters are discussed. With both liquid media used, crack formation on the surface of the laser-treated Ti target was observed. Formation of a titanium carbide (TiC) phase was found whose properties could be tuned by varying the laser irradiation parameters. Raman measurements were utilized to analyze the carbon structure formed in the resulting coatings. The results of surface electron microscopy reveal that the thickness of the resulting coatings reached 20 µm. Some of the obtained coatings demonstrated about three times higher hardness compared to the native Ti sample. The technique proposed can be used in surface modification of materials in view of improving their mechanical properties.