The Debilitating Physical and Emotional Effects of Limb Deformity: A Tertiary Center Observational Study Utilizing the Limb Deformity-Modified Scoliosis Research Society Score (LD-SRS)

TL;DR

This study examines how limb deformities affect quality of life in Saudi patients using a specific score, finding that surgery improves outcomes, especially in self-image and function.

Contribution

The study provides new insights into the impact of limb deformity on quality of life in Saudi Arabia, emphasizing the benefits of surgical intervention.

Findings

Patients who underwent surgery showed significantly higher quality of life scores compared to those who did not.

Self-image/appearance scores were notably higher in the surgery group.

Longer postoperative durations correlated with better quality of life scores.

Abstract

Background: Limb deformity describes a condition where a limb has an abnormal shape or length, resulting from an acquired or a congenital case. This condition can impair the normal function of patients’ lives, leading to adverse psychological impacts. The limb deformity-modified Scoliosis Research Society (LD-SRS) score is a frequently used tool to assess quality of life. This observational study aimed to investigate the quality of life of patients with debilitating limb deformities in Saudi Arabia using the LD-SRS score. Methods: This is an observational analytical cross-sectional study conducted at the orthopedic clinic at King Saud University Medical City between March and May 2024. Patients diagnosed with any type of limb deformity (of different ages) were included in this study. Patients completed the LD-SRS score in the clinic and were divided into two groups based on whether they had undergone surgery for limb deformity. Results: This study included 152 participants, with the majority of participants in the 13–18-year age group and predominantly male (59.87%). Most participants were assessed before treatment, with significant differences observed in total scores based on the examination time (p < 0.001). Post-surgery scores showed marked improvement, with the overall total mean score for the surgery group being significantly higher than that of the non-surgery group (p < 0.001). Domain-specific scores revealed higher satisfaction in self-image/appearance for the surgery group, while the non-surgery group had lower scores in function/activity and mental health domains. No significant differences were found across age, gender, side of the body affected, or affected site. Conclusions: Preoperative patients had lower QoL scores as a whole group compared to those who had undergone surgery. The longer the duration postoperatively, the better the QoL score; those measured at three months had better QoL than preoperative patients, and those assessed at one and two years scored even higher. Self-image/appearance was a key factor, with the surgery group scoring higher in this domain than the non-surgery group. Future research should explore broader patient perspectives, including those related to mental and social well-being.