# The Multiferroic, Magnetic Exchange Bias Effect, and Photodetection Multifunction Characteristics in MnSe/Ga0.6Fe1.4O3 Heterostructure

## TL;DR

This paper explores a new heterostructure combining MnSe and GFO, showing multiferroic, magnetic, and photodetection properties for advanced devices.

## Contribution

The study introduces a MnSe/GFO heterostructure with combined multiferroic, magnetic exchange bias, and photodetection properties.

## Key findings

- MnSe/GFO heterostructures exhibit a remanent polarization of 1.5 μC/cm² and low leakage current density.
- The heterostructure shows enhanced coercive field and saturated magnetization with antiparallel Mn and Fe ion signals.
- A photodetectivity of 6.3 × 10⁸ Jones and photoresponsivity of 2.8 × 10⁻³ A·W⁻¹ were achieved under 532 nm light.

## Abstract

Artificial heterostructures are typically created by layering distinct materials, thereby giving rise to unique characteristics different from their individual components. Herein, two-dimensional α-MnSe nanosheets with a non-layered structure were fabricated on Ga0.6Fe1.4O3 (GFO) films. The superior crystalline properties of MnSe/GFO heterostructures were confirmed through structural and morphological analyses. The remanent polarization is around 1.5 μC/cm2 and the leakage current density can reach 2 × 10−3 A/cm2 under 4 V. In addition, the piezo-response force microscopy amplitude and phase images further supported the ferroelectric property. The significant improvement of coercive field and saturated magnetization, along with the antiparallel signals of Mn and Fe ions observed through synchrotron X-ray analyses, suggest the presence of magnetic interaction within the MnSe/GFO heterostructure. Finally, the excellent photodetector with a photo detectivity of 6.3 × 108 Jones and a photoresponsivity of 2.8 × 10−3 A·W−1 was obtained under 532 nm in the MnSe/GFO heterostructure. The characteristics of this heterostructure, which include multiferroic, magnetic exchange bias effect, and photodetection capabilities, are highly beneficial for multifunctional devices.