# DPOAE growth function in schoolchildren with impaired temporal ordering skills

**Authors:** Patricia Kimiko Kumagai, Seisse Gabriela Gandolfi Sanches, Renata Mota Mamede Carvallo, Patricia Kimiko Kumagai, Seisse Gabriela Gandolfi Sanches, Renata Mota Mamede Carvallo

PMC · DOI: 10.1590/2317-1782/e20240071en · 2025-02-10

## TL;DR

The study found that children with impaired temporal ordering skills require higher sound intensity to reach cochlear response thresholds at 2000 Hz compared to children without such issues.

## Contribution

This study introduces a novel use of DPOAE growth functions to identify cochlear differences in children with auditory temporal processing issues.

## Key findings

- Children with impaired temporal ordering skills had a higher DPOAE threshold at 2000 Hz.
- These children also showed a steeper DPOAE growth slope at 2000 Hz.
- No differences were found in conventional DPOAE values between the groups.

## Abstract

To investigate whether the cochlear responses of a group of children with normal temporal ordering tests would be different from those children with abnormal results in the same tests.

25 children aged 8 to 13 years participated in the study, all with normal range pure-tone audiometry thresholds, type A tympanometry and distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAE) present in both ears. Of these, 13 children formed the Study Group and 12 the Control Group. The Study Group differed from the Control Group by presenting changes in temporal auditory tests. In addition to the tests to verify the inclusion criteria, the DPOAE growth function were recorded for three different f2 frequencies, respectively 2002, 3003 and 4004 Hz. The stimuli were presented at level f2 (L2) from 20 to 65 dB SPL in steps of 5 dB and the stimulus level f1 (L1) followed the formula: L1=0.4L2+39 dB. The data were analyzed statistically, adopting a significance level of 5%.

The groups did not differ in relation to conventional DPOAE values (DP-Gram). The Study Group differed from the Control Group by exhibiting both the threshold (p=0.034) and the higher slope (p=0.043) in the 2000 Hz DPOAE growth.

Children with alterations in temporal ordering tests require greater intensity to reach the DPOAE threshold at a frequency of 2000 Hz when compared to children without complaints, also presenting a more linear cochlear amplification at this same frequency, indicated by the increase in the value of slope.

Investigar se as respostas cocleares de um grupo de crianças com testes de ordenação temporal dentro da normalidade seriam distintas daquelas encontradas em crianças com tais testes alterados.

Participaram do estudo 25 crianças entre 8 e 13 anos, com limiares audiométricos normais, timpanometria tipo A e emissões otoacústicas-produto de distorção (EOAPD) presentes em ambas as orelhas. Destas, 13 crianças formaram o Grupo Estudo e 12 o Grupo Controle. O Grupo Estudo se diferenciou do Grupo Controle por apresentar alteração em testes auditivos temporais. Além dos testes para averiguar os critérios de inclusão, foi realizado o registro da curva de crescimento das EOAPD para três diferentes frequências f2, respectivamente 2002, 3003 e 4004 Hz. Os estímulos foram apresentados na intensidade de f2 (L2) de 20 a 65 dBNPS em degraus de 5 dB e o nível de intensidade de f1 (L1) seguiu a fórmula: L1=0,4L2+39 dB. Os dados foram tratados estatisticamente, adotando-se nível de significância de 5%.

Os grupos não se diferenciaram em relação aos valores das EOAPD convencionais (DP-Grama). O Grupo Estudo diferenciou-se do Grupo Controle por exibir tanto o limiar (p=0,034), como o slope mais elevado (p=0,043) nas curvas de crescimento de EOAPD, isoladamente na frequência de 2000Hz.

Crianças com alteração em testes de ordenação temporal necessitam de uma maior intensidade para alcançar o limiar das EOAPD na frequência de 2000 Hz quando comparadas às crianças sem queixas, apresentando também uma amplificação coclear mais linear nessa mesma frequência, indicada pelo aumento do valor do slope.

## Full-text entities

- **Diseases:** Gaps In Noise (MESH:D014012), auditory skills impairments (MESH:D019957), hearing losses (MESH:D034381), cochlear compression loss (MESH:D006319), fatigue (MESH:D005221), deficits in phonological awareness (MESH:D066229), learning disorders (MESH:D007859), awareness (MESH:D058926), impaired speech perception (MESH:D013064), attention disorder or hyperactivity disorder (MESH:D001289), cochlear impairments (MESH:D015834), reading and writing disorders (MESH:D004410), neurological or psychiatric disorders (MESH:D001523), Painel Inferior (MESH:D056989), cochlear dysfunctions (MESH:D000160), auditory function (MESH:D006311), auditory processing impairment (MESH:D001308), EOAPD (MESH:D005862), testes alterados (MESH:D013736)
- **Chemicals:** DP-grama (-), DP (MESH:D004176)
- **Species:** Homo sapiens (human, species) [taxon 9606]

## Figures

6 figures with captions in the complete paper: https://tomesphere.com/paper/PMC11813184/full.md

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Source: https://tomesphere.com/paper/PMC11813184