# Comparison of brain activity metrics in Chinese and Russian students while perceiving information referencing self or others

## TL;DR

This study compares brain activity in Chinese and Russian students when they process information about themselves or others, finding differences linked to collectivism.

## Contribution

The novelty is combining EEG with facial video recordings to induce and analyze resting states for self/others information recognition.

## Key findings

- Interethnic differences were observed in the default-mode network's anterior and parietal hubs based on information attribution.
- Chinese participants showed significant positive correlations between collectivism and spectral density in the anterior hub across all conditions.
- The developed software and hardware module enables full-cycle registration and processing of psychological and neurophysiological data.

## Abstract

Neurocomputing technology is a field of interdisciplinary research and development widely applied in modern
digital medicine. One of the problems of neuroimaging technology is the creation of methods for studying human
brain activity in socially oriented conditions by using modern information approaches. The aim of this study is to develop
a methodology for collecting and processing psychophysiological data, which makes it possible to estimate the
functional states of the human brain associated with the attribution of external information to oneself or other people.
Self-reference is a person’s subjective assessment of information coming from the external environment as related to
himself/herself. Assigning information to other people or inanimate objects is evaluating information as a message
about someone else or about things. In modern neurophysiology, two approaches to the study of self-referential processing
have been developed: (1) recording brain activity at rest, then questioning the participant for self-reported
thoughts; (2) recording brain activity induced by self-assigned stimuli. In the presented paper, a technology was tested
that combines registration and analysis of EEG with viewing facial video recordings. The novelty of our approach is the
use of video recordings obtained in the first stage of the survey to induce resting states associated with recognition
of information about different subjects in later stages of the survey. We have developed a software and hardware module,
i. e. a set of related programs and procedures for their application consisting of blocks that allow for a full cycle of
registration and processing of psychological and neurophysiological data. Using this module, brain electrical activity
(EEG) indicators reflecting individual characteristics of recognition of information related to oneself and other people
were compared between groups of 30 Chinese (14 men and 16 women, average age 23.2 ± 0.4 years) and 32 Russian
(15 men, 17 women, average age 22.1 ± 0.4 years) participants. We tested the hypothesis that differences in brain activity
in functional rest intervals between Chinese and Russian participants depend on their psychological differences in
collectivism scores. It was revealed that brain functional activity depends on the subject relevance of the facial video
that the participants viewed between resting-state intervals. Interethnic differences were observed in the activity of
the anterior and parietal hubs of the default-mode network and depended on the subject attribution of information.
In Chinese, but not Russian, participants significant positive correlations were revealed between the level of collectivism
and spectral density in the anterior hub of the default-mode network in all experimental conditions for a wide
range of frequencies. The developed software and hardware module is included in an integrated digital platform for
conducting research in the field of systems biology and digital medicine