# A digital way to assess the stain parameters that lead to soft tissue blanching when delivering an implant-supported crown

## TL;DR

This paper introduces a digital method to measure how much a dental implant crown displaces and blanches surrounding soft tissues during placement.

## Contribution

A novel digital workflow using intra-oral scans and STL files to quantify gingival displacement and blanching caused by prosthetic crowns.

## Key findings

- Severe blanching occurs when gingival displacement is 1.3 mm or more.
- Moderate blanching is observed at 0.9 mm displacement.
- No blanching occurs with displacement up to 0.6 mm.

## Abstract

Dental implant systems provide standard cylindrical healing abutments of various diameters; however, they do not match the larger shape of the complex emergence profile of the prosthetic crowns. Adaptation of the soft tissues from a circular emergence profile to the one that suits the prosthetic crown involves a simultaneous squeezing and stretching of the gingiva. Often, this translates into local blanching of the gingiva and the prosthodontist must assess that blanching is transient. There is no literature about how much strain exerted by the prosthetic crown is leading or not to gingiva blanching. Aim of this paper is to present a digital workflow that allows measuring, upon prosthesis delivery, how much the strained gingiva is displaced under the crown and leads or not to blanching of the peri-implant soft tissues.

The digital workflow involves 3 intra-oral scans (IOS), IOS#1 at completion of the soft tissue healing, IOS#2 at prosthesis delivery, IOS#3 after soft tissue conditioning, and the STL files of the healing cap, the abutment, the implant and the prosthetic crown. The above are superposed and merged following a dedicated protocol that provides access to the distance the delivered crown deforms the strained gingiva. The present case study displayed distinct blanching intensities. Severe blanching was present when the strains applied to the gingiva caused a displacement of 1.3 mm and above; a displacement of 0.9 mm led to moderate blanching. No blanching was observed up to a displacement of 0.6 mm.

A digital protocol, involving the superposition and merging of IOSs taken along a defined timeline and STLs of the implant hardware, allowed measuring the displacement distances a prosthetic crown wields upon delivery on the gingiva beneath the prosthesis. Various intensities of gingiva blanching could be related to distinct displacement distances of the healed gingiva that were triggered by attaching a prosthetic crown to the implant neck.