# An Active-Learning Framework for Educating Medical Students on SARS-CoV-2 Variants and COVID-19 Epidemiology

## TL;DR

This paper introduces a team-based learning framework to teach medical students about SARS-CoV-2 variants and their epidemiology, improving understanding and critical thinking.

## Contribution

A novel team-based learning module that enhances medical students' comprehension of SARS-CoV-2 variants and their clinical implications.

## Key findings

- Student scores improved significantly from 58.8% to 85.9% after the learning session.
- Students showed increased understanding of variant classification and genetic mutations in viral pathogenesis.
- Positive feedback was received on students' ability to interpret phylogenetic trees.

## Abstract

The emergence of multiple Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants presented an escalated risk to public health globally and prompted epidemiologic monitoring and classification. Health professionals are vital for patient education regarding Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), discussing patient concerns, and providing guidance. Students enrolled in professional healthcare programs benefit from being adept with the evolution and spread of SARS-CoV-2 variants, and a team-based learning module can be helpful for applying foundational concepts to clinical problems.

This team-based learning (TBL) framework was developed in response to the COVID-19 pandemic and the emergence of viral variants. It was placed at the end of a hematology block within the first semester of year one of the medical school during the academic years 2021–2022. It consists of a 7-question readiness assurance process and a four-question application exercise.

The average score increased from 58.8% (iRAT) to 85.9% (tRAT) (n=104). The post-session survey data showed an increase in students’ understanding of the classification of COVID-19 variants and the role of genetic mutations in viral pathogenesis. Qualitative data yielded positive feedback for the session, notably in students' ability to interpret phylogenetic trees and understand the role of variants.

This TBL framework cultivates higher-order thinking skills among medical students and effectively integrates virology, epidemiology, and pathology. Additionally, it provides a framework for developing a robust and up-to-date platform for the discussion of novel variants of COVID-19 or other infectious diseases.