A172 GENETIC AND DIET-ASSOCIATED MUCUS IMPAIRMENTS INCREASE SUSCEPTIBILITY TO ULCERATIVE COLITIS PATHOBIONT-DRIVEN COLITIS

TL;DR

This study shows that impaired mucus in the colon, due to genetics or diet, makes mice more vulnerable to a harmful type of E. coli linked to ulcerative colitis.

Contribution

The study identifies genetic and dietary factors that impair mucus as key contributors to susceptibility to UC pathobionts.

Findings

Mice with genetically impaired mucus allowed p19A E. coli to reach the epithelium and cause colitis.

A fiber-free diet also led to thinner mucus and increased p19A adherence and inflammation.

Reduced SCFA levels and mucus thickness were observed in mice on a fiber-free diet.

Abstract

The Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBD), Crohn’s Disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) affect > 320,000 Canadians and are increasing in incidence. Ileal CD has been linked to the overgrowth of mucosal adherent-invasive Escherichia coli. Recent studies have also implicated the adherence of E. coli pathobionts to the colonic mucosa of UC patients. Using the representative UC E. coli pathobiont p19A, we recently demonstrated it aggravated chemical-induced colitis in susceptible mice, through the actions of the toxin alpha-hemolysin, and by adhering to the inflamed colonic mucosa via the adhesin FimH. It is less clear what host factors control susceptibility to UC pathobionts. I hypothesize that a key susceptibility factor is the glycosylated mucin Muc2, which forms the protective mucus layer that covers the colonic epithelium and is often impaired in UC patients.

To define the role of colonic mucus structure and function in determining susceptibility to the p19A pathobiont, and its ability to cause colitis in mice.

Susceptibility to p19A was tested in two mouse models of colonic mucus impairment. The first is a mouse strain deficient in core 1 derived O-glycans in their intestinal epithelial cells (IEC C1galt1-/-), resulting in reduced mucin glycosylation, and thus a thin and impaired mucus barrier. The second model involves feeding wildtype (WT) C57BL/6J mice a fiber-free (FF) diet, resulting in a significantly thinner colonic mucus layer. The mice were subsequently orally gavaged with p19A and their susceptibility determined by assaying p19A burdens, intestinal histopathology, inflammatory cytokine production.

Following oral gavage of WT mice fed a normal diet, immunostaining identified p19A localizing within the colonic mucus layer, but it did not reach the epithelium or cause disease. In contrast, p19A regularly reached the colonic epithelial surface of mucus-impaired IEC C1galt1-/- mice (as compared to IEC C1galt1flox/flox mice) and in WT mice fed a fiber-free diet. This epithelial adherence was associated with increased p19A burdens, histopathology and production of inflammatory markers such as TNF-a and lipocalin 2. Notably, fiber-free diet-fed mice showed reduced SCFA levels in their feces and thinner mucus layer in their colon at baseline.

Our results indicate that UC E. coli pathobionts are able to reach the colonic epithelial surface and induce colitis in hosts suffering genetic or diet-based mucus dysfunction. This susceptibility highlights the important role played by intestinal mucus in protecting against IBD.

CCC, CIHR