# Identifying Positive Practices to Institutionalize Social Innovation in the Malawian Health System

## TL;DR

This paper explores how a Malawian health innovation was successfully integrated into the public health system through positive institutional practices.

## Contribution

The study identifies four positive institutional practices that enabled the institutionalization of a social innovation in Malawi's health system.

## Key findings

- High-quality relationships, experiential interaction, hope, and logic attunement were key practices for institutionalization.
- Everyday creativity emerged from the interplay of these practices to support institutionalization.
- National ownership and sustainability were enhanced by aligning with national identity logics.

## Abstract

Governments worldwide are increasingly interested in scaling up effective public health innovations, but it is not always easy to institutionalize innovations, arising outside the public health system, as a part of national delivery. Evidence on how country governments can practically achieve this is limited. This article describes the institutionalization of the Chipatala Cha Pa Foni (CCPF, Health Center by Phone) social innovation into the Malawian public health, and identifies positive institutional practices that local actors drew on to achieve this.

A positive-oriented interdisciplinary multi-method qualitative case study design was adopted. Data were collected from key informant interviews, observations, and documents over 18 months. A composite social innovation framework, informed by institutional theory and positive organizational scholarship, guided the thematic content analysis.

Four clusters of positive institutional practices aided the institutionalization of the innovation: building high-quality relationships; creating opportunities for experiential interaction; cultivating hope; and logic attunement and awareness. We describe how these four practices operated together as a process of "everyday creativity" to achieve institutionalization. We illustrate the importance of high-quality relationships, marked by respect, mutuality, and appreciation, as the foundation upon which hope can be built and the creativity needed for institutionalization to flourish. National ownership and sustainability of innovations are enhanced when implementation and institutionalization approaches are attuned to the logics inherent in national identity.

In this article, we highlight the importance of institutional and interpersonal dynamics in the institutionalization of social innovation in health systems.