# “This was never about a virus”: Perceptions of Vaccination Hazards and Pandemic Risk in #Covid19NZ Tweets

## TL;DR

This study explores how New Zealanders on Twitter discussed vaccine risks and pandemic measures during late 2021, revealing contrasting views on health and political concerns.

## Contribution

The paper introduces a novel interdisciplinary approach combining medical humanities and corpus linguistics to analyze pandemic-related social media discourse.

## Key findings

- Vaccine opposition tweets emphasized entangled medical and political hazards, distrust in experts, and threats to sovereignty.
- Anti-vaccine tweets used more hashtags with disordered connections, fostering uncertainty and precaution.
- Pro-government tweets focused on solutions, except when addressing vaccine opposition.

## Abstract

In this paper, we draw on qualitative methods from the medical humanities and quantitative approaches from corpus linguistics to assess the different mappings of pandemic risks by Twitter (X) users employing the #Covid19nz hashtag. We look specifically at their responses to government measures around vaccines between August and November 2021. Risk, we reveal, was a major discursive thread in tweets during this period, but within our tweets, it was the vaccine rather than the virus around which hazard perception and response were grouped. We find that the discursive stance of those opposed to the vaccine evoked entangled medical and political hazards, untrustworthy experts, obscure information, restrictions on sovereignty, threats to children, and uncertain future dangers, all of which positioned them within what Ulrich Beck termed the world risk society. We also found that these narratives of risk manifested in specific Twitter styles, which employed a consistently larger number of hashtags. The lack of conjunctions between the hashtags, we argue, encouraged a disordered reading of doubt and precaution, as the hashtags presented triggering phrases whose interconnections were hinted at rather than specified. By contrast, those who tweeted in support of government measures were rhetorically led by solutions rather than risks, with one exception: their perception of those who were vaccine opposed. We use scholarship on risk and precautionary logic to map out the contrasting positions in tweets addressing Aotearoa New Zealand’s pandemic experience during the closing months of 2021.