# Foundational Engineering of Artificial Blood Vessels’ Biomechanics: The Impact of Wavy Geometric Designs

## TL;DR

This study explores how wavy designs in artificial blood vessels improve flexibility and internal area under pressure, using simulations and experiments.

## Contribution

The research introduces a foundational framework for wavy geometric designs in artificial blood vessels, showing their mechanical benefits.

## Key findings

- Samples with 22 waves showed 45% larger area under 24 kPa pressure compared to simple circles.
- Increased wave numbers led to high-pressure gradients at elevated pressures.
- A strong correlation (error margin 3.84%-19.88%) was found between simulations and experiments.

## Abstract

The design of wavy structures and their mechanical implications on artificial blood vessels (ABVs) have been insufficiently studied in the existing literature. This research aims to explore the influence of various wavy geometric designs on the mechanical properties of ABVs and to establish a foundational framework for advancing and applying these designs. Computer-aided design (CAD) and finite element method (FEM) simulations, in conjunction with physical sample testing, were utilized. A geometric model incorporating concave and convex curves was developed and analyzed with a symbolic mathematical tool. Subsequently, a total of ten CAD models were subjected to increasing internal pressures using a FEM simulation to evaluate the expansion of internal areas. Additionally, physical experiments were conducted further to investigate the expansion of ABV samples under pressure. The results demonstrated that increased wave numbers significantly enhance the flexibility of ABVs. Samples with 22 waves exhibited a 45% larger area under 24 kPa pressure than those with simple circles. However, the increased number of waves also led to undesirable high-pressure gradients at elevated pressures. Furthermore, a strong correlation was observed between the experimental outcomes and the simulation results, with a notably low error margin, ranging from 19.88% to 3.84%. Incorporating wavy designs into ABVs can effectively increase both vessel flexibility and the internal area under pressure. Finally, it was found that expansion depending on the wave number can be efficiently modeled with a simple linear equation, which could be utilized in future designs.