# Cluster of Differentiation Markers and Human Leukocyte Antigen Expression in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Patients: Correlations and Clinical Relevance

## TL;DR

This study explores how immune markers (CD and HLA) are connected in chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients, revealing new insights into the disease's immune profile.

## Contribution

The study is the first to investigate the relationship between HLA typing and CD marker expression in chronic lymphocytic leukemia.

## Key findings

- Several CD markers are statistically associated with specific HLA alleles in CLL patients.
- CD22 is linked to multiple HLA alleles, suggesting a complex immunological interaction.
- The findings highlight new correlations that could improve biomarker development for CLL.

## Abstract

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a distinct category of lymphoproliferative disorder characterized by the clonal expansion of mature B cells, followed by their accumulation in primary and secondary lymphoid organs. Cluster of differentiation (CD) markers such as CD79b, CD45, CD23, CD22 and CD81 serve as reliable prognostic indicators in CLL as well as the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) with its well-documented associations with various cancers. This study aims to investigate, for the first time, potential connections between HLA typing and CD marker expression in CLL. Although it is one of the most prevalent neoplasms, there is a need for biomarkers that can improve survival. This study included 66 CLL patients and 100 controls, with all samples analyzed using biochemical methods, flow cytometry, and cytomorphology. Next-generation sequencing was performed for HLA typing. The results indicate that several CD markers are statistically associated with different HLA alleles, specifically CD45 with HLA-C*07:01:01; CD79b with HLA-DPA1*02:01:02; CD23 with HLA-B*39:01:01; CD22 with HLA-B*49:01:01, HLA-C*07:01:01, HLA-DPB1*02:01:02, and HLA-DRB1*07:01:01; and CD81 with HLA-DPB1*04:02:01, HLA-DQA1*01:04:01, and HLA-DQB1*05:03:01. In conclusion, this research demonstrates significant statistical links between HLA genes and immunophenotypic markers in CLL patients, shedding new light on the immunological context of CLL.