# Recurrent Cystitis in Women—A Real-World Analysis of Bacteria Spectrum and Resistance Situation for Calculated Therapy

## TL;DR

This study analyzes bacteria and antibiotic resistance in women with recurring bladder infections to guide better treatment choices.

## Contribution

The study provides real-world data on bacterial spectrum and antibiotic resistance in women with recurrent cystitis to inform calculated antibiotic therapy.

## Key findings

- Escherichia coli was the most common bacteria found in 53.9% of cases.
- Resistance to trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole was highest at 30.7%, while resistance to nitroxoline was lowest at 12.5%.
- Nitrofurantoin and nitroxoline showed low resistance rates, suggesting their potential as effective treatment options.

## Abstract

Recurrent cystitis in women represents an everyday challenge; however, little to no data regarding this population are available. This study aimed to evaluate this collective with respect to a rational calculated antibiotic therapy. Urine cultures and antibiograms from a urological office were retrospectively evaluated from patient data collected between January 2017 and June 2019. The evaluation was conducted using SPSS ©. In total, 84 female patients, who were aged between 18 and 87 years old (median 60 years), suffered from recurrent cystitis. Escherichia coli was found in 53.9% of cases, Staphylococcus aureus and enterococci were each found in 6.7%, and Proteus spp. and Streptococcus agalactiae were each found in 5.6%. The resistance levels to ciprofloxacin (CIP), trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole (TRS), nitrofurantoin (NIT), and nitroxoline (NOX) were 18.2%, 30.7%, 16.1%, and 12.5% in the tested cases, respectively. Regarding E. coli, resistance to CIP, TRS, and NIT was found in 17.8%, 25%, and 4.2% of the tested cases, and no resistance to NOX was found. The resistance level to CIP was in a tolerable range of <20% in the overall cohort and the E. coli subgroup. More than a quarter of the bacteria were resistant to TRS. The low resistance rates for NIT and NOX are remarkable, promoting the use of these substances if they are not yet used.