# Epinephrine, Pregabalin, and Crizotinib as Three Medicines with Polish Implications over Three Last Centuries and in View of Three Different Drug Discovery Approaches

## TL;DR

This paper highlights the contributions of Polish researchers to the discovery of three important medicines over the past three centuries.

## Contribution

The paper emphasizes the historical and contemporary impact of Polish scientists in drug discovery through three notable pharmaceutical advancements.

## Key findings

- Cybulski's 1894 work identified the adrenal medulla's role and named adrenaline 'nadnerczyna'.
- Andruszkiewicz and Silverman developed pregabalin, leading to the drug Lyrica.
- Mroczkowski's work at Pfizer led to the development of crizotinib for lung cancer treatment.

## Abstract

The discovery of epinephrine (adrenaline) and its subsequent implications in medicine owes significant contributions to Cybulski across different centuries, who, in 1894, was pivotal in identifying the adrenal medulla’s role in blood pressure regulation and naming the active substance “nadnerczyna”, known today as adrenaline. His work demonstrated the adrenal glands’ critical function in the body’s regulatory mechanisms beyond the nervous system. Cybulski’s groundbreaking research laid foundational knowledge for future endocrinological studies and pharmaceutical advancements. In the late 20th century, Andruszkiewicz collaborated with Silverman at Northwestern University to develop pregabalin, the active ingredient in Lyrica. Their innovative synthesis of gamma-aminobutyric acid derivatives led to a significant advancement in treating epilepsy, neuropathic pain, and fibromyalgia. Andruszkiewicz’s expertise in organic chemistry and enzymology was crucial in this collaborative effort, resulting in the successful development and commercialization of Lyrica. Additionally, Mroczkowski’s leadership at Pfizer contributed to the development of crizotinib, a notable anaplastic lymphoma kinase and proto-oncogene 1 tyrosine-protein kinase inhibitor used to treat specific types of non-small cell lung cancer. Her work exemplifies the continuing influence of Polish researchers in pioneering drug discovery and advancing therapeutic treatments over the past three centuries. These contributions highlight Poland’s significant role in global pharmaceutical innovations and medical research.