# Unraveling the impact of lysosomal dysfunction on myeloproliferative neoplasm

## TL;DR

This study shows that lysosomal dysfunction is linked to myeloproliferative neoplasm, especially polycythemia vera, by causing inflammation and cytokine dysregulation.

## Contribution

The study identifies lysosomal dysfunction as a novel contributor to MPN pathogenesis and highlights Oncostatin-M as a key molecule in polycythemia vera.

## Key findings

- Lysosomal dysfunction variants were more frequent in MPN patients compared to healthy controls.
- LD carriers showed increased inflammatory gene activity and monocyte expansion in MPN.
- Oncostatin-M (OSM) is a candidate molecule involved in LD-related polycythemia vera.

## Abstract

Lysosomal dysfunction (LD) impacts cytokine regulation, inflammation, and immune responses, influencing the development and progression of cancer. Inflammation is implicated in the pathogenesis of myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN). With a hypothesis that LD significantly contributes to MPN carcinogenesis by inducing abnormal inflammation, our objective was to elucidate the pathophysiological mechanisms of MPN arising from an LD background.

Genotyping of the LD background was performed in a cohort of MPN patients (n = 190) and healthy controls (n = 461). Logistic regression modeling, utilizing genotype data, was employed to estimate the correlation between LD and MPN. Whole transcriptome sequencing (WTS) (LD carriers = 8, non‐carriers = 6) and single‐cell RNA sequencing data (LD carriers = 2, non‐carriers = 2, healthy controls = 2) were generated and analyzed.

A higher variant frequency of LD was observed in MPN compared to healthy controls (healthy, 4.9%; MPN, 7.8%), with the highest frequency seen in polycythemia vera (PV) (odds ratio = 2.33, p = 0.03). WTS revealed that LD carriers exhibited upregulated inflammatory cytokine ligand–receptor genes, pathways, and network modules in MPNs compared to non‐carriers. At the single‐cell level, there was monocyte expansion and elevation of cytokine ligand–receptor interactions, inflammatory transcription factors, and network modules centered on monocytes. Notably, Oncostatin‐M (OSM) consistently emerged as a candidate molecule involved in the pathogenesis of LD‐related PV.

In summary, an LD background is prevalent in MPN patients and leads to increased cytokine dysregulation and inflammation. OSM, as one of the potential molecules, plays a crucial role in PV pathogenesis by impairing lysosomal function.

Lysosomal dysfunction (LD) impacts cytokine regulation, inflammation, and immune responses, influencing the development and progression of cancer. Inflammation is implicated in the pathogenesis of myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN). With a hypothesis that LD significantly contributes to MPN carcinogenesis by inducing abnormal inflammation, our objective was to elucidate the pathophysiological mechanisms of MPN arising from an LD background. Genotyping of the LD background was performed in a cohort of MPN patients (n = 190) and healthy controls (n = 461). Logistic regression modeling, utilizing genotype data, was employed to estimate the correlation between LD and MPN. Whole transcriptome sequencing (WTS) (LD carriers = 8, non‐carriers = 6) and single‐cell RNA‐sequencing data (LD carriers = 2, non‐carriers = 2, healthy controls = 2) were generated and analyzed. A higher variant frequency of LD was observed in MPN compared to healthy controls (healthy, 4.9%; MPN, 7.8%), with the highest frequency seen in polycythemia vera (PV) (odds ratio = 2.33, p = 0.03). WTS revealed that LD carriers exhibited upregulated inflammatory cytokine ligand‐receptor genes, pathways, and network modules in MPNs compared to non‐carriers. At the single‐cell level, there was monocyte expansion and elevation of cytokine ligand‐receptor interactions, inflammatory transcription factors, and network modules centered on monocytes. Notably, Oncostatin‐M (OSM) consistently emerged as a candidate molecule involved in the pathogenesis of LD‐related PV. In summary, an LD background is prevalent in MPN patients and leads to increased cytokine dysregulation and inflammation. OSM may play a crucial role in PV pathogenesis by impairing lysosomal function.