# Pharmacological articles in the German magazine DIE ZEIT (THE TIME)—content, adequacy, and comprehensibility

## TL;DR

This study analyzes pharmacological articles in the German magazine DIE ZEIT to assess their content, accuracy, and readability for the general public.

## Contribution

The study provides a detailed evaluation of pharmacological content in a major German media outlet, highlighting gaps in comprehensibility and scientific referencing.

## Key findings

- DIE ZEIT's drug coverage aligns with prescription trends for cardiovascular, neuropsychiatric, and pain medications.
- Oncological drugs and new drug approvals are underrepresented or inaccurately portrayed.
- Comprehensibility of articles is low, with only one meeting target-group oriented readability standards.

## Abstract

The German weekly magazine DIE
ZEIT (THE TIME) reaches more than one million readers per issue, mainly from high-income social classes. Pharmacological content is frequent in DIE ZEIT. As it therefore reaches many people who generally have no in-depth knowledge of pharmacology, it can be assumed that DIE ZEIT is an important primary source of information. It should be its task to depict the drugs widely used by the population and to present them correctly and comprehensibly. This study analyzes 71 articles from 2012 to 2022 in terms of form, content, and comprehensibility. The analysis shows that in DIE ZEIT, drug groups largely correspond to the prescription figures and disease prevalence in Germany, with cardiovascular, neuropsychiatric, and pain medications being frequently discussed. There are deviations in the case of oncological drugs, for example, which are discussed more frequently than prescribed. New drug approvals are reported less frequently, and when they are, it is usually about the research phase. DIE ZEIT often reports on findings that are less than a week old and frequently quotes trustworthy experts, but no scientific sources can be found in around a quarter of the articles. A COVID-19 effect can also be identified in the years 2020 to 2022, as reporting on drugs for the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) predominated. An important point of criticism was identified with regard to comprehensibility. Less than half of the articles achieved the cut-off value for general comprehensibility specified by the Textlab analysis program, and only one article achieved the value for target group–oriented comprehensibility. This analysis confirms the problem that science communication is often too complicated and incomprehensible. It discusses the tension between the prescribed drugs and the mission of DIE
ZEIT to entertain and should serve as a basis for analyzing other newspapers. Finally, we make specific suggestions how presentation of pharmacological topics in lay media can be improved in the future.

The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00210-024-03053-3.