# Accuracy of Mothers’ Perception of Birth Size to Predict Birth Weight Data in Bangladesh

## TL;DR

This study evaluates how well mothers in Bangladesh can estimate their child's birth weight based on perceived birth size, finding that it is not a reliable method.

## Contribution

The study is the first in Bangladesh to assess the accuracy of maternal perception of birth size in predicting low birth weight.

## Key findings

- Maternal perception of birth size had low sensitivity and positive predictive value for predicting low birth weight.
- There was moderate agreement between perceived birth size and recorded birth weight classifications.
- Early marriage was associated with overestimation of birth size.

## Abstract

The prevalence of low birth weight (LBW) is an important indicator of child health and wellbeing. However, in many countries, decisions regarding care and treatment are often based on mothers’ perceptions of their children’s birth size due to a lack of objective birth weight data. Additionally, birth weight data that is self-reported or recorded often encounters the issue of heaping. This study assesses the concordance between the perceived birth size and the reported or recorded birth weight. We also investigate how the presence of heaped birth weight data affects this concordance, as well as the relationship between concordance and various sociodemographic factors.

We examined 4,641 birth records reported in the 2019 Bangladesh Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey. The sensitivity-specificity analysis was performed to assess perceived birth size’s ability to predict LBW, while Cohen’s Kappa statistic assessed reliability. We used the kernel smoothing technique to correct heaping of birth weight data, as well as a multivariable multinomial logistic model to assess factors associated with concordance.

Maternally-perceived birth size exhibited a low sensitivity (63.5%) and positive predictive value (52.6%) for predicting LBW, but a high specificity (90.1%) and negative predictive value (93.4%). There was 86.1% agreement between birth size and birth weight-based classifications (Kappa = 0.49, indicating moderate agreement). Smoothed birth weight data did not improve agreement (83.4%, Kappa = 0.45). Of the sociodemographic factors, early marriage was positively associated with discordance (i.e., overestimation).

An important consideration when calculating the LBW prevalence is that maternally perceived birth size is not an optimal proxy for birth weight. Focus should be placed on encouraging institutional births and educating community health workers and young mothers about the significance of measuring and recording birth weight.

The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10995-024-03975-7.

Maternally-perceived birth size has been used to determine the LBW prevalence in many countries, including Bangladesh, where many or most births occur at home and birth weight data are not routinely collected. Research in Bangladesh has not investigated the value of perceived birth size in predicting birth weight, and earlier research in different countries has yielded inconsistent results. This study demonstrates that maternal perception of birth size has limited LBW prediction accuracy in Bangladesh. Consequently, it is imperative to exercise caution when estimating the prevalence of LBW based on data on perceived birth size, as LBW is a critical indicator of health outcomes and informs policy and interventions at both individual and national levels.

The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10995-024-03975-7.