Uncovering Gaps in Knowledge: A Survey of Belgian General Practitioners’ Awareness of Legionnaires’ Disease Diagnostic Testing

TL;DR

This study explores Belgian general practitioners' awareness and use of diagnostic tests for Legionnaires' disease, finding gaps in knowledge and test availability.

Contribution

The study identifies specific knowledge gaps and test accessibility issues among Belgian GPs regarding Legionnaires' disease diagnosis.

Findings

Over 70% of GPs correctly identified Legionnaires' disease risk factors and symptoms.

75% of GPs were unsure about the availability of the Legionella pneumophila urinary antigen test in their labs.

76% of GPs expressed a need for more information on Legionnaires' disease diagnostic testing.

Abstract

Background: The incidence of Legionnaires’ disease (LD) is increasing steadily in Europe. Its early diagnosis by general practitioners (GPs) is crucial for better patient outcomes. Study objectives: This study assessed Belgian GPs’ knowledge about LD and the accessibility of diagnostic tests in their practices. Methods: A specifically designed questionnaire was distributed to actively practicing GPs, including primary care trainees, between 31 January 2022 and 13 March 2022. This survey targeted approximately 4200 GPs with an estimated population catchment of 30% of the actively working Belgian GPs. Results: The response rate was estimated at 3%. Over 70% of the GPs correctly identified the LD occurrence peak, major risk factors, and clinical manifestations. While 62% of participants preferred the Legionella pneumophila urinary antigen test (UAT) as a primary diagnostic method, 75% were unsure about its availability within their laboratories and 82% had not prescribed it in the last year. Finally, 76% expressed a desire for additional information on this topic. Conclusions: Belgian GPs should evaluate the possibility of conducting UAT testing in their laboratories to enhance LD case management and improve their preparedness. Furthermore, initiatives should be implemented to improve communication between specialists and GPs and develop educational programs directed at Belgian GPs.

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