# Spectrum of Disorders of Sex Development: A Single-Center Experience in the Southern Area of Iraq

## TL;DR

This study examines the types and timing of diagnosis for disorders of sex development in Basrah, southern Iraq, finding that many cases are diagnosed late.

## Contribution

The paper provides a regional overview of DSD cases in southern Iraq, highlighting late diagnosis trends.

## Key findings

- Most DSD patients were over 15 years old at diagnosis.
- Sex chromosomal DSD was the most common type at 37.3%.
- Late diagnosis was prevalent, emphasizing the need for early awareness.

## Abstract

Background: The most common presentation of disorders of sex development (DSD) is in the neonatal period when a baby is born with atypical ("ambiguous") genitalia, making it unclear whether the child is a boy or a girl. This study aims to provide an overview of the DSD spectrum, seen in Faiha Specialized Diabetes, Endocrine and Metabolism Center (FDEMC), Basrah, southern area of Iraq.

Methods: A retrospective study on patients with DSD was referred to FDEMC, a tertiary center in Basrah, between January 2009 and December 2023.

Results: Out of the total 150 studied patients, individuals above 15 years old comprised the majority. Sex chromosomal DSD made up 37.3% of the cases, while 46, XY DSD comprised 34.7%, and 46, XX DSD accounted for 28% of the total.

Conclusion: Many patients with DSD in Basrah were diagnosed late, beyond infancy. Increasing awareness among healthcare providers and families is essential for early diagnosis during infancy.