# Limited Evidence of Shared Decision Making for Prostate Cancer Screening in Audio-Recorded Primary Care Visits Among Black Men and their Healthcare Providers

## TL;DR

This study found limited shared decision making during prostate cancer screening discussions between Black men and their healthcare providers in primary care.

## Contribution

The study provides empirical evidence on the limited use of shared decision making in prostate cancer screening for Black men.

## Key findings

- Most providers discussed advantages and disadvantages of PSA screening, but few patients received all SDM elements.
- Only 3 out of 13 patients were directly asked about their screening preferences.
- Average OPTION score was 25/100, indicating limited patient involvement in decision making.

## Abstract

Prostate-specific antigen (PSA)-based prostate cancer screening is a preference-sensitive decision for which experts recommend a shared decision making (SDM) approach. This study aimed to examine PSA screening SDM in primary care. Methods included qualitative analysis of audio-recorded patient-provider interactions supplemented by quantitative description. Participants included 5 clinic providers and 13 patients who were: (1) 40–69 years old, (2) Black, (3) male, and (4) attending clinic for routine primary care. Main measures were SDM element themes and “observing patient involvement in decision making” (OPTION) scoring. Some discussions addressed advantages, disadvantages, and/or scientific uncertainty of screening, however, few patients received all SDM elements. Nearly all providers recommended screening, however, only 3 patients were directly asked about screening preferences. Few patients were asked about prostate cancer knowledge (2), urological symptoms (3), or family history (6). Most providers discussed disadvantages (80%) and advantages (80%) of PSA screening. Average OPTION score was 25/100 (range 0–67) per provider. Our study found limited SDM during PSA screening consultations. The counseling that did take place utilized components of SDM but inconsistently and incompletely. We must improve SDM for PSA screening for diverse patient populations to promote health equity. This study highlights the need to improve SDM for PSA screening.