Subtle Presentation of Two Rare Gynecological Cancers in a Single Patient: A Case Report

TL;DR

A 33-year-old woman had two rare gynecological cancers, yolk sac tumor and gastric-type adenocarcinoma, highlighting the need to understand their possible link.

Contribution

This case report uniquely documents the co-occurrence of two rare gynecological cancers in a single patient.

Findings

The patient had a history of yolk sac tumor treated five years prior.

She was later diagnosed with gastric-type adenocarcinoma of the endocervix.

The case raises questions about potential links between these two rare malignancies.

Abstract

Yolk sac tumors (YSTs) are rare germ-cell malignancies that usually develop in the gonads. Similarly, gastric-type adenocarcinoma of the endocervix (GAS) is a rare kind of gynecological cancer that has piqued interest due to its distinctive clinical and pathological features. These two malignancies in a single patient present a unique and challenging scenario. Here, we present the case of a 33-year-old female who presented with postcoital bleeding and was diagnosed with atypical glandular proliferation consistent with GAS. Interestingly, this patient had a history of a YST treated with left salpingo-oophorectomy and chemoradiation in the Philippines five years prior. A follow-up ultrasound report in the Philippines five months after treatment showed no evidence of residual disease. This case report aims to understand the predisposing factors of these neoplasms and asks if there is a link between them, which is necessary for tailoring surveillance, appropriate therapeutic approaches, and improving patient outcomes.

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