# Unveiling Morphological Diversity: An Anatomical Investigation of the Foramen Transversarium in the Cervical Vertebrae

## TL;DR

This study explores variations in the foramen transversarium of cervical vertebrae to improve diagnosis and surgical planning in the cervical spine.

## Contribution

The study provides new insights into the morphological diversity of the foramen transversarium using a large sample of dry vertebrae specimens.

## Key findings

- Most vertebrae showed symmetrical foramina with circular shapes being the most common.
- Morphological variations included unilateral and bilateral accessory foramina and asymmetrical foramina.

## Abstract

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the morphological variations in the foramen transversarium of the cervical vertebrae and their clinical implications. Understanding these variations is crucial for accurate diagnosis, treatment planning, and surgical procedures involving the cervical spine.

Materials and methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at the AIl India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bibinagar, India, and involved 150 dry cervical vertebrae specimens. Measurements of the anteroposterior and transverse dimensions, as well as anatomical variations such as accessory foramina and bilateral symmetry, were recorded using vernier calipers.

Results: Out of 150 vertebrae, 149 had foramina on both sides, while one had a single foramen on the right. The anteroposterior diameter ranged from 1.0 to 10.0 mm on the right (mean: 5.13 ± 1.25 mm) and 2.0 to 8.5 mm on the left (mean: 5.08 ± 1.11 mm). The transverse diameter ranged from 2.0 to 9.0 mm on the right (mean: 5.54 ± 1.06 mm) and 2.0 to 8.0 mm on the left (mean: 5.42 ± 1.07 mm). Statistical analysis indicated symmetry in morphological dimensions. The morphological variations included unilateral and bilateral accessory foramina, incomplete accessory foramina, and asymmetrical foramina. Circular shapes were predominant (76% on the right, 75% on the left), with other shapes, such as oval and irregular shapes, being less common.

Conclusion: These findings enhance the understanding of cervical spine anatomy, aiding in the interpretation of radiographic images and the planning of surgical procedures. This research highlights the need for precise anatomical knowledge to improve patient outcomes in cervical spine-related interventions.