# To study the utility of HER2 and Ki-67 as immunohistochemical prognostic markers in comparison to histopathological parameters and tumour, node and metastasis staging in colorectal carcinoma

## TL;DR

This study explores how the proteins HER2 and Ki-67 can help predict outcomes in colorectal cancer compared to traditional methods.

## Contribution

The study investigates the prognostic utility of HER2 and Ki-67 in colorectal carcinoma alongside standard histopathological and staging methods.

## Key findings

- HER2 and Ki-67 expression correlates with histological features in CRC.
- Immunohistochemical markers may provide additional prognostic insights beyond traditional staging.
- Targeted therapies like anti-HER2 antibodies show promise in metastatic CRC treatment.

## Abstract

Colorectal Carcinoma (CRC) ranks among the most prevalent cancers globally, with significant variability in incidence rates across different regions. A shift towards a Westernized diet has been implicated in rising cancer rates, particularly in emerging nations. By 2020, CRC is projected to represent a notable proportion of global cancer cases and deaths. In India, CRC primarily affects individuals aged 45 to 84, with a higher incidence in males, commonly occurring in the rectum and sigmoid colon. Risk factors such as obesity, dietary factors, sedentary lifestyle, smoking, and alcohol use contribute to CRC development, especially in aging populations. Diagnosis involves various imaging modalities and histological assessments using Tumour, node and metastasis (TNM) and American Joint Committee on Cancer classifications. Recent advancements in targeted therapies like monoclonal antibodies against HER2 have shown promise in treating metastatic CRC. Immunohistochemistry markers like Ki-67 and HER2 play crucial roles in prognostic assessment and treatment planning. This study aims to investigate Ki-67 and HER2 expression in CRC, correlating with histological characteristics and prognostic factors.