# Persistent Luminescent Nanoparticle-Loaded Filaments for Identification of Fabrics in the Visible and Infrared

## TL;DR

This paper explores embedding light-emitting nanoparticles into fabric filaments, which retain their glow even after wear and tear.

## Contribution

The study demonstrates successful integration of persistent luminescent nanoparticles into polypropylene filaments for fabric use.

## Key findings

- PLNP-loaded filaments showed persistent luminescence after UV exposure and maintained it after abrasion testing.
- Filament tensile properties like breaking tenacity slightly improved, while secant modulus decreased.
- Optical properties of PLNPs remained stable after integration into filaments.

## Abstract

Persistent luminescent materials are those which can store an amount of energy locally and release it slowly in the form of light. In this work, persistent luminescent nanoparticles (PLNPs) were synthesized and incorporated into polypropylene (PP) filaments at various loading percentages. We investigated the optical properties of both the as-prepared PLNPs and the PLNP-loaded filaments, focusing on any changes resulting from the integration into the filaments. Specifically, visible and near-infrared spectroscopy were used to analyze the emission, excitation, and persistent luminescence of the PLNPs and PLNP-loaded filaments. The tensile properties of the extruded filaments were also investigated through breaking tenacity, elongation at break, Young’s modulus, and secant modulus. All PLNP-loaded filaments were shown to exhibit persistent luminescence when exposed to ultraviolet light. While there were no significant changes in the elongation at break or Young’s modulus for the loading percentages tested, there was a slight increase in breaking tenacity and a decrease in the secant modulus. Finally, the filaments were shown to maintain their optical properties and persistent luminescence even after abrasion testing used to simulate the normal wear and tear that fabric experiences during use. These results show that PLNPs can be successfully incorporated into filaments which can be used in fabrics and will maintain the persistent luminescent properties.