# A Mechanistic Prediction Model of Resistance to Uprooting of Coniferous Trees in Heilongjiang Province, China

## TL;DR

This study creates a model to predict how coniferous trees resist being uprooted based on their physical features like crown size and root structure.

## Contribution

The paper introduces a qualitative mechanistic model linking tree morphology to uprooting resistance using field measurements and GPR data.

## Key findings

- Larger crown areas increase the overturning moment, making trees more prone to uprooting.
- Higher DBH and root plate mass increase resistance to uprooting, as shown by higher resistance coefficients (Rm).
- The model classifies trees into three uprooting hazard levels based on calculated resistance coefficients.

## Abstract

Coarse roots and the root plate play an important role in tree resistance to uprooting. In this study, a qualitative mechanistic model was developed to analyze coniferous tree resistance to uprooting in relation to tree morphological characteristics. The sizes of the crown, stem, and root plate of twenty sample spruces and twenty sample Korean pines were individually measured for this purpose. Using Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR), the coarse root distribution and root plate size were detected. In the qualitative mechanistic model, a larger crown area increased the overturning moment, while higher DBH and root plate mass increased the resistance moment. The resistance coefficient (Rm) was calculated by comparing resistive and overturning moments, classifying samples into three uprooting hazard levels. Trees with smaller crown areas, larger stems, and root plates tend to have higher resistance to uprooting, as indicated by higher Rm values. This qualitative mechanistic model provides a useful tool for assessing coniferous standing tree uprooting resistance.