# Ionic Liquid-Based Extraction Strategy for the Efficient and Selective Recovery of Scandium

## TL;DR

A new method using ionic liquids and phenylphosphinic acid efficiently and selectively recovers scandium from acidic industrial waste.

## Contribution

A novel ionic liquid-based extraction system for selective scandium recovery is developed and analyzed.

## Key findings

- Ionic liquids with longer alkyl side chains show reduced scandium extraction due to self-aggregation.
- Extraction efficiency improves with higher aqueous pH and is effective across a wide temperature range.
- Scandium forms a complex with phenylphosphinic acid via proton exchange during extraction.

## Abstract

The recovery of scandium (Sc) from highly acidic industrial effluents is currently hindered by the use of large quantities of flammable and toxic organic solvents. This study developed an extraction system using ionic liquids (ILs) and phenylphosphinic acid (PPAH) as diluents and an extractant, respectively, to selectively recover Sc from the aqueous phase. The effect of IL chemical structure, aqueous pH and temperature on the extraction of Sc was systematically investigated and the findings revealed that ILs with longer alkyl side chains had reduced Sc extraction ability due to the presence of continuous nonpolar domains formed by the self-aggregation of the IL alkyl side chain. The IL/PPAH system maintained high extraction ability toward Sc across a wide temperature range (288 K to 318 K) and the extraction efficiency of Sc could be improved significantly by increasing the aqueous pH. The extraction process involved proton exchange, resulting in the formation of a metal−ligand complex (Sc(PPA)3).