# Spectroscopic Studies of Lanthanide(III) Complexes with L-Malic Acid in Binary Systems

## TL;DR

This study examines how lanthanide ions form complexes with L-malic acid in different ratios and identifies their stability and coordination behavior.

## Contribution

The study provides new insights into the coordination chemistry of lanthanide ions with L-malic acid in binary systems.

## Key findings

- Lanthanide(III) complexes with L-malic acid in 1:1 and 1:2 molar ratios were confirmed.
- Stability constants and equilibrium reactions were determined for the complexes.
- Spectroscopic measurements showed changes in the coordination sphere of lanthanide ions.

## Abstract

Binary systems of lanthanide ions (La, Nd, Gd, Ho, Tb, and Lu) with L-malic acid in molar ratios of 1:1 and 1:2 were studied. This study was carried out in aqueous solutions, and the composition of the formed complexes was confirmed using computer data analysis. The overall stability constants of the complexes and the equilibrium constants of the reaction were determined. The effect of ligand concentration on the composition of the internal coordination sphere of the central atom was observed. Changes in the coordination sphere of lanthanide ions were confirmed by spectroscopic measurements.