# Glial Cells as Key Regulators in Neuroinflammatory Mechanisms Associated with Multiple Sclerosis

## TL;DR

This paper reviews how glial cells influence neuroinflammation in multiple sclerosis and how they might be targeted for new treatments.

## Contribution

The paper provides a comprehensive overview of glial cell roles in MS pathology and highlights their potential as therapeutic targets.

## Key findings

- Glial cells play a central role in MS disease progression through neuroinflammatory mechanisms.
- Oligodendrocytes, astrocytes, and microglia synergistically affect inflammation and repair in MS.
- Understanding glial cell functions could lead to new therapies for MS.

## Abstract

Even though several highly effective treatments have been developed for multiple sclerosis (MS), the underlying pathological mechanisms and drivers of the disease have not been fully elucidated. In recent years, there has been a growing interest in studying neuroinflammation in the context of glial cell involvement as there is increasing evidence of their central role in disease progression. Although glial cell communication and proper function underlies brain homeostasis and maintenance, their multiple effects in an MS brain remain complex and controversial. In this review, we aim to provide an overview of the contribution of glial cells, oligodendrocytes, astrocytes, and microglia in the pathology of MS during both the activation and orchestration of inflammatory mechanisms, as well as of their synergistic effects during the repair and restoration of function. Additionally, we discuss how the understanding of glial cell involvement in MS may provide new therapeutic targets either to limit disease progression or to facilitate repair.