# Orbital Lesions: A bird’s eye view of series of 2068 cases in 27 years in a tertiary care hospital in Pakistan

## TL;DR

This study analyzed 2068 cases of orbital lesions over 27 years in Pakistan to determine their frequency and types in children and adults.

## Contribution

The study provides a detailed, long-term analysis of orbital lesion frequencies and classifications in a Pakistani tertiary hospital.

## Key findings

- Neoplastic lesions accounted for 65.66% of cases, with malignant lesions being more common than benign ones.
- Retinoblastoma and rhabdomyosarcoma were prevalent in children, while adults had more lacrimal gland and eyelid carcinomas.
- Primary orbital lesions were the most common type, followed by secondary and metastatic lesions.

## Abstract

To determine the relative frequency of orbital lesions based on the site of origin and histopathology at a Tertiary care hospital (Mayo Hospital, Lahore Pakistan) from 1996 till 2022 (27 years).

This descriptive case series included 2651 patients of all age groups presenting with orbital lesions who initially got enrolled at Institute of Ophthalmology Mayo Hospital, Lahore from 1996 till 2022. Of these, 583 patients left against medical advice. So, clinical data of 2068 patients were completely analyzed. Lesions were managed medically and/ or surgically. Final clinical diagnosis, with the help of histopathology, was used to classify the lesions.

There were 1258 (60.9%) adults and 810 (39.1%) children, 1358 (65.66%) were neoplastic while 710 (34.33%) non-neoplastic lesions. Amongst the neoplastic lesions, 405 (29.8 %) were benign and 953 (70.2%) malignant. Primary orbital lesions were 1676 (81.04%), Secondary orbital lesions were 300 (14.51%), Endocrine/ hematopoietic reticulo-endothelial system lesions were 84 (4.06%) and Metastatic lesions from distant organs were 08 (0.39%).

Retinoblastoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, optic nerve gliomata were common in children. Pleomorphic adenoma & adenocystic carcinoma of lacrimal gland, cavernous hemangioma, optic nerve meningioma, neurofibroma, schwannoma, squamous cell carcinoma of eyelid, carcinoma of maxillary antrum and lymphomas were more common in adults